768 



HOLLAND. 



Rotterdam is the second commercial city in ihe kingdom, and, by its deep canals, will admit 

 the largest vessels to the doors of its warehouses. The style of Dutch architecture is more 

 particularly striking in this city ; the houses are very high, with projecting stories ; they are 

 built of very small bricks, and have large windows. This was the birthplace of Erasmus, and 

 on the bank of one of the canals stands his stalue in bronze. Population, 66,000. 



Harlem, with 21,000 inhabitants, is noted for its bleacheries, cotton and silk manufactories, 

 type-founderies, and particularly for its gardens, in which are raised an immense number of 

 flowers, forming an important branch of trade. Harlem disputes with Mentz the honor of the 

 invention of printing ; and the house of Laurence Koster, who claimed that glory, is still shown 

 here. The town-house, one of the handsomest in the country, the celebrated organ, with 

 8,000 pipes, and the many scientific and literary institutions and collections, deserve to be 

 noticed. 



Leyden upon the Rhine, contains a celebrated university, long one of the most famous in 

 Europe, and its scientific establishments are numerous and important. Its manufactures, par- 

 ticularly of salt, are extensive. Population, 30,000. Utrecht is also distinguished for its uni- 

 versity and its manufactures. Population, 43,000. Here was concluded the important peace 

 of Utrecht, 1713, which placed England at the head of the European powers. 



Groningfin is the prin- 

 cipal place in the north- 

 ern part of the kingdom. 

 It is a flourishing and 

 industrious town, and con- 

 tains a university. Pop- 

 ulation, 30,000. Leu- 

 warden, the capital of 

 Friesland, with 20,900 

 inhabitants, Hinlopen on 

 the Zuyder Zee, and 

 Bois-le-Duc or Herto- 

 genbosch, the capital of 

 North Brabant, and a 

 strongly fortified town, 

 with 20,500, are impor- 

 tant trading and manufac- 

 turing places. Dort or 

 Dordrecht, 20,000 inha- 

 bitants, has an active 

 commerce, and is noted 

 in history for the Protest- 

 ant synod held there. 

 JMft, 13,000 inhabitants, 

 gives its name to a sort 

 of earthen ware made 

 there in great quantities ; 

 the celebrated Grotius 

 with 15,000 inhabitants; Flushing, 



Lady of Leuwarden. 



Woman of Hinlopen. 



was born there. Middlehurg , the capital of Zeeland 



noted for its excellent harbor, its fortifications, and its vast ship-yards, with 5,000 inhabitants ; 

 Breda, an important frontier fortress ; Schiedam, 10,000 inhabitants ; and JVimeguen, 15,000, 

 are important towns. 



The small town of Texel, on the island of the same name, is an important naval station. 



The German province of Luxemburg, which lies to the south of Belgium, belongs to the 

 king of the Netherlands. It contains few considerable towns, the largest, Luxemburg, having 

 a population of 10,000 inhabitants. It is one of the strongest places in Europe, and is one of^ 

 ttie fortresses of the German confederation. 



Saardam, on the river Zaan, is a considerable town of wooden houses, almost all of which 

 are painted green. It has considerable commerce and ship-building ; almost every house is 

 surrounded by water, and forms, with its garden, a small island. The house is still to be 



