NORWAY. 



783 



marble, millstones, and slate, and these articles are exported. The silver mines of Kongs- 

 berg formerly afforded rich returns, but have ceased to be productive. There are valuable 

 copper mines near Rteraas and Dronlheim ; the principal iron mines are those of Arenda' and 

 Krageroc in southern Norway, but there are numerous others ; the annual produce of the iron- 

 mines of Norway is 150,000 Ions. There are also some mines of gold, lead, cobalt, plumba- 

 go, and alum. 



10. Vegetable Productions. Immense forests of pine, fir, birch, ash, &,c., cover the 

 mountains, and furnish the only important natural productions of the vegetable kingdom. 



11. Animals. Norway has the same animals with Sweden; but the glutton and the lem- 

 ming or Norway mouse, are in some degree peculiar to this country. 



12. Face of the Country. A great part of this territory is occupied by mountains, inter- 

 spersed with romantic glens and fertile valleys, especially in the southern parts. It is intersect- 

 ed by many streams full of cataracts, and lakes and ponds bordered with trees of variegated 

 foliage, and forests of tall and stately pines and firs. Thefe afford the most striking scenery, 

 but the multitude of naked rocks and barren mountains, give the landscape rather the appearance 

 of grandeur than of beauty. Marshes and fens occupy large districts, and nowhere in Europe 

 are found such a number of precij)ices, cataracts, and glaciers as here. 



13. Towns. Christiania^ the capital, stands in a fertile valley on the shore of a bay. It 

 is built with regular streets, which are kept very clean ; there are many beautiful villas in the 

 neighborhood, and the country around it has several productive copper mines. The town 

 has a military hospital, a university, four churches, two theatres, and enjoys a considerable 



trade in the exportation of deals, tar, and the pro- 

 duct of the mines. Population, 20,500. Bergen 

 stands upon a small bay skirted by mountains. It 

 is built mostly of wood, and has a theatre, and two 

 printing offices. The commerce and fisheries of 

 the place are pretty active. The most noted build- 

 ings are the castle and cathedral. Population, 

 20,800. 



Drontheim., or Tronycm., is one of the most 

 flourishing towns in the kingdom. It stands on an 

 arm of the sea, at the point of union of four great 

 valleys. The streets are wide and regular, and the 

 houses are mostly of wood. It exports iron, tim- 

 ber, and fish. It is the residence of a bishop, and 

 has a magnificent cathedral in which the ancient 

 Population, 12,000. Kongsherg is a considerable mining 

 town, with a mint. Population, 10,000. 8ta- 

 ' r)a?!^cr and Drammen are seaports with some 



trade. Clwisliansand, on the Scagerac, is 

 chiefly important for its excellent port, into 

 which ships often put for repairs and shelter. 

 The little town of Hammer jest on the island 

 of Hvaloe, near the North Cape, is remarka- 

 ble for being the most northerly town in Eu- 

 rope, in latitude 70° 36'. It is the capital of 

 the province of Finmark, yet contains but 77 

 inhabitants. Wartrhuus, in 70° 22', is the most 

 northerly fortress in the world. 



14. Jig ri culture. The soil of Norway is 

 often so shallow as not to admit of being plough- 

 ed, yet vegetation is amazingly quick ; corn is 

 sown and reaped within 6 or 7 weeks ; and is 

 raised under the 70th parallel of latitude ; both 



Watchmen of Bergen. 



kings of Norway were crowned 



Hammcrfest . 



the soil and climate, however, are unfavorable to agriculture, and no part of the country yields 

 sufficient grain for the inhabitants. 



15. Commerce. The exports of wood, fish. Iron, copper, glass, alum, marble, kelp, dyeing 



