732 



THE GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



September 21, 1912 



SCOTTISH FORESTRY 

 DEVELOPMENT. 



Mr. William Dawson, lecturer in forestry, 

 in opening a course for foresters at Aberdeen 

 University, referred at 8ome length to 

 the present un.->atisfaotory position of fores- 

 try in Scotland, and to the slowness with 

 which the long-looked-for developments were 

 taking place. The present agitation in 

 flavour of State afforestation, or, at any 

 rate, of some measure of State aesistance 

 in the matter, had been going on for several 

 decades, though recently it had become more 

 active. No doubt certain advances had been 

 ade in the time. Educational facilities bad 

 been increased, and in some measure, wood 

 management had improved, and public 

 opinion had been educated, but till quite 

 recently the State had refused to recognise 

 the existence of this branch of rural indus- 



try. 



Indeed, even now, when public opinion had 

 greatly ineroased in favour of afforestation, 

 it did not so tar seem to have formed a very 

 strong motive force with their member^ of 

 Parliament. Evidence of this was to be 

 found in the fact that even now, when money 

 could legally be provided for purposes of 

 afforestation (Development Act, 1909), they 

 showed no great anxiety to help forward 

 practical schemes for the afforestatio.n of the 

 magnificent timber land to be found every- 

 where in Scotland. 



It was interesting to note that the indif- 

 ference of the present day did not always 

 exist in Scotland. Early in the fifteentl 

 century they found Acts relating to the crea- 

 tion of woodlands, and even at that time 

 they found reference to the existence of arti- 

 ficial plantations which then existed. In 

 1503 a further Act was parsed calling on 

 proprietors to plant areas where the coun- 

 try was bare. Such Acts were recorded 

 periodically, and in 1661 they found an Act 

 requiring heritors to enclose and plant four 

 acres yearly for the next ten years^ and in 

 that case the Act went so far as to prescribe 

 the kinds of trees to be planted. In this par- 

 ticular district, too, there were estate re- 

 cords showing that not only was natural 

 wood maintained in the seventeenth century, 

 but plantations were actually created. The 

 indifference of the present day was thus a 

 lapee from a higher state. 



But the position was hopeful in the ex- 

 treme, and great things were expected from 

 the Scottish Board of Agriculture, which was 

 now the authority in this matter in Scotland, 

 and indications were not wanting that some 

 substantial advance was likely to be made. 

 Everyone was agreed that Scotland was the 

 field for afforestation, and in ligfht of this 

 fact it wa-s singular that both England and 



Ireland were already in advance of Scotland 

 with their scheme for development. They 

 in Scotland had a big distance to makeup, 

 and further delay could only do harm. All 

 branches of industry were suffering from tie 

 ever-increasing price of wood, and there was 

 no denying the fact that the pric^ would yet 

 become higher. 



FORTHCOMING ENGAGEMENTS. 



MONDAY. 



ni If Trt -. 



S. I. -.'711 her 2;i. — Nfttional 

 M-vtingr of Floral an^I 



Cii r y nt hem u m 

 Executive Com- 



XrivSDAY, >M'iitvnilM'r 34.— Royal Horticiiltiirjil So- 

 ciety : ^Meeting of Fniit, Floral, ami Orchid 

 Committ<M^i8, noon ; General Mef^tino- at 3 ]).ni.. 

 with lecture by C. Hermann S-enn on " How 

 to Cook som^ of the Root Vegetables"; Me<»t- 

 ing of Scientific Committee, 4 p.m. ; ^rc^ting at 

 the Horticultural Hall of a Joint Committee 

 of the Royal Horticultural Society an<! the 

 National Dahlia Society for a<ljuili( ;i'tinjr on new 

 <iahlia5. 



TUP:SDAY, Oc^olxT 1.- Scottish Hnrticiiltiiral A.s- 

 soc i ati on: Meeting, w i t J i 1 » ■ « - 1 1 1 r c . by Mr. A . D . 

 R-iohaixkon , on *' Kflinbur<rirs I'ark and Other 



Treea.'* 



^VHBNESDAT. OctoWr •>.- \:itinri:il Chrv-vantlu'mMm 

 Society's Exhibition of Ka rly tl^iw* l inir Chrysan- 

 themums, at the Cry^vtal I'aljue: two days. 

 "National Vegetable Society's Exhibition at the 

 Ol^Pendo n Hal 1 . W at ford . 



SArt;RnAY, October 5.— Society Francaifi^ d'Hor- 

 t.culteur de Londres meeting. 



ANSWERS TO 



CORRESPONDENTS. 



Editorial Communications should be addressed to the 

 Editor of the Gaudeners* Magazine, 148 and 149, 

 AldeiTfi^ate Street, E.C. 



Secretariee of horticultural societies are invited to 

 send early notifioatian of forth-coming exhibitions 

 and meetings, and are requested to advise us con. 

 ceming changes of datcis. 



Specimens of plants, flowers, and fruits for naming 

 or opinion should be sent to the Editor of the 

 Gardeners' Magazine, " Endsleigh," Priory Park, 

 Kew, Surrey, and as early in the week as possible. 

 All parcels must be sufficiently prepaid. 



The Editor will be glad to receive photographs of 

 gardens, plants, flowers, trees, fruits, etc., for 

 reproduction in, the Gardeners' Magazine. He will 

 also be greatly obliged by correspondents sending 

 early intimation of interesting local events relating 

 to horticulture. In sending newspapers containing 

 matter to which they wish to draw attention, cor- 

 respondents are requested to distinctly mark the 

 paragraph. 



FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREES 

 FROM CUTTINGS.— C. G. and Co., Fins- 

 hury : Is th-ere any known method of growing 

 for-est and ornamental trees from cuttings, 

 that will assure approximate success with 

 every kind or variety ? Willows, w^e know, 

 and helieve mulberry and hazel, will form 

 roots in damp soil, but most other trees will 

 not, and it is these trees we want to know 

 how to raise from cuttings, if that be pos- 

 sible— ITiere is no single method that will 

 prove tsuccesjsful for the propagation of all 

 kinds of forest and ornamental trees from 

 cuttings. The majority of forest tr-ees are 

 raised from seeds, and not a few ornamental 

 trees are raised in the same way. Special 

 varieties are raised from cuttings, or pro- 

 pagation is effected by grafting and budding. 

 Certain trees are best raised from cuttings 

 of half -ripe growth, while others, like the 

 willow, grow readily from cuttings of 

 ripened, leafless growth. Further, cuttings 

 of some trm^ grow well if placed in the 

 open, whereas others need frame protection 

 at this stage. If you will specify the kinds 

 of trees you wish to propagate from cuttings 

 we will do our best to assist you. 



ANNUALS. ^ C. S., 



VARIETIES OF 



Northampton : When a schedule requires 

 " Eight distinct varieties of Annuals," and 

 an exhibitor sets up three vases of statice, 

 but of distinct colours, would he come within 

 the meaning of the schedule, or should he be 

 disqualified r — In all probability this is 

 another cas^e of faulty w^ording^ and we ex- 

 pect the committee desired " eight distinct 

 kinds of annuals." If an exhibitor had 

 shown eight distinct varieties of sweet peas, 

 of asters, or of godetias, he could not have 

 been properly disqualified. If the competi- 

 tor referred to showed annual etatices of dis- 

 tinct colouring, he was quite within the 

 meaning of the schedule, though, perhaps, 

 not within the intention of the committee. 



HORTICULTURAL EXAMINATION. — 

 T. P., Cheltenh am : Plea^^e tell me to whom 

 I should apply for information relative to an 

 examination in horticulture for gardeners. 

 For particulars of the Royal Horticultural 

 Society's examination in horticulture, apply 

 to the Secretary, Royal Horticultural So- 

 ciety, Vincent Square, Westminster, London 

 S.W. For particulars of the examination 

 held by the British Gardeners' Afsociation 

 apply to Mr. Cyril Harding, Ulysses, For- 

 tune Green, London^ N.W. 



HYBRID ORCHIDS.-T. W., Torquay: I 

 am becoming much interested in orchids and 

 have already made a number of crosses', but 

 I know quite well that hybrids have been 

 raised from most species, and that secondary 

 hybrids and varietal forms of cypripediums, 

 cattleyas, Iselio-cattleyaa, and odontoglos- 

 sums have been cross-fertilised freely. What 

 I want to know is whether there is a pedi- 

 i^ree book or stud book which gives a list of 

 hybrids and parents. Such a book would be 

 a great ]K>lp.— On this particular subject the 

 liei-^t ])ook is the Orchid Stud Book," by R 

 A. Allen and C. C. Hurst, and obtainable 



tJ^"^ riJ"^^^^^ ' Lawn Crescent, 



Kew. iTie work contains an enumeration of 



hybrid orchids of artificial origin, with their 



parents, raisers, date of first flowering, re- 

 ferences to descriptions and figures, 'and 

 synonymy. There is also an historical intro- 

 duction, a chapter on hybridising, and rais- 

 ing orchids from seeds, and the book is freely 

 illustrated. No raiser of orchids can afford 

 to be without the " Orchid Stud Book." 



POT MEASUREMENTS.-C. S., North- 

 ampton : I recently exhibited in a class for 

 pot plants, and the schedule 6tat>ed that the 

 pots should not exceed 10 inches in dia- 

 meter. I used a No. 12 pot. Was I right or 

 wrong ? Kindly also tell me how the dia- 

 meter of a flower pot is measured. — You were 

 wrong. A No. 12 pot is 11^ inches in dia- 

 meter at the top, measuring from the inside 

 on one side to the outside at the opposite 

 point. The Chiswick standard of sizes and 

 measurements is as follows : Thimbles, 2in. 

 diameter, 2in. deep; thumbs, 2^m. by 2|iD.; 

 60's, 3in.' by S^in. ; 4iin. by 5in.; 32's, 



Gin. by 6in.; 24's, S^in. by 8in.; 16^s, O^in. 

 by 9in.; 12's, IHin. by lOin.; 12in. by 

 llin.; 6's, 13in. by 12in. ; 4^s, 15in. by 13in.; 

 2's, ISin. by 14in. 



KIPE AND POT. 

 •Can you tell me what 



M. E. A., Cheltenham. 



are the correct 



pot and of a kipe, both of 

 which are west country measures for garden 

 produce? — A kipe is a round wicker basket, 

 and should be 18in. wide at the top^ 1ft. 

 wide at the bottom, and 1ft. deep. The pot 

 is a fairly popular measure, and should be 

 a wicket basket of oblong shape, twenty-one 

 inches in length, fourteen inches wide, and 

 fifteen inches deep. 



CODE DES COULEURS.— A. W. F., 

 Rugbv: The "Code des Couleurs" is by 

 Klingseick and Valette, and its publisher is 

 M. Klingseick, Paris, but the work can be ob- 

 tained through Messrs. Wesley and Co., 28, 

 Essex Street, Strand, W.C. 



NAMES OF PLANTS. 



Everton. — Hova carnosa. 

 A., Alnwick.— 1, Solanum jasmin- 

 oides ; 2, Lonicera sempervirens; 3, Tra- 



H. E. 

 L. E. 



1 Helenium 



chelespermum jasminoides. 



B. M. R., Chippenham- 

 cupreum; 2, Polygonum Baldsehuanicumj 

 3. Monarda didyma ; 4, Pinus insignis; ^, 



Abies Nordmanniana, 



P. J. F., Oswestry.— 1, Armeria maritima: 

 2, Lysimachia clethroides; 3, Matricaria 

 inodora; 4, Sempervivum arachnoideum; p» 

 Crataegus pyracantha Lelandi; 6, Rudbeckia 



laciniata. , 

 R. P., Yorks.— We regret our inability to 

 undertake the naming of florists' flowers, 

 the correct naming of most varieties is only 

 possible where a very large collection oi any 

 particular kind is grown, therefore it is 

 always a good plan to sent a florist's flower, 

 whether it be rose, dahlia, sweet pea phlox, 

 etc., to some nurservman who specialises i 

 the particular subject. In most 

 stamped addressed" postcard, with the sp^ * 

 men and request will ensur e an ans\N . 

 So far as we are able to judge, your dahlia ^ 

 an old form, and represents a type, of ^^^-^ 

 five dahlia not now in cultivation. ^^^^ 

 opinion we give avssuming the flowers 

 were of fair average quality. 



V 



Kvery gardener knows that the ve 

 best Syringes the world has ever se ' 

 or can ever hope to see, are 

 -FOUR OAKS." ^^^^^,ver 



the only ^y^^^'f'dli 



awarded a Cold Medal. 



»Four Oaks 



^lyringVs'willingly 

 sent on approval 

 to Head 

 Gardenerfi 



The 



Gardeners' 



Ideal Syringe 

 ia No.lFour Oaks 

 Undentable,lJ x 20ln, 

 21/- ;or with Angle Joint 

 27/- For Spraying.— No 9 

 TJnJentable 3yriage,ljx20 in. 



12/6 or with Angle Joint, 18^- 

 Complete Oatalognea of Spraying 

 and Limewaahing Machines and Syringes 

 of every deacription free on application to " 

 the Sole Manufacturers:- The FOUR 0AR5 

 8PRAYINQ HAOHINE Oo., No. 3Q. SuttonColdnj^ 



