812 



THE 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



October 26, I912. 



■delightful effects. When a selection of these 

 has been made, and the trees or shrubs 

 planted, other kinds can be considered as 

 opportunities offer, and added to the selec- 

 tions previously made, if considered desir- 

 able. To ensure a full measure of success 

 the planting must be proceeded with 



as 



ea 



the assistance of the warmth still in the 

 soil. Purchases should be made at once, 

 and, as far as possible, the several kinds 

 should be on their own roots, and especially 

 is it nec-essary that this should be so in the 

 case of the likes, and indeed of all shrubs 

 that sucker freely. The preparation of the 

 soil should be commenced forthwith when 

 new borders are formed. Trench the soil 

 in the usual way, and, if in an exhausted 

 state, previously apply a moderate dress- 

 ing of manure. 



Mr. William Youngr is one of the 



best kn.nvu and highly respected horticul- 

 turists m the South of Scotland. For the 

 long ijeriod of twenty-seven years he has 

 had charge of the gardens at Craighlaw 

 Iv,rkco\van, Wigtownshire, helonging to 

 Mrs. Hen.ing Hamilton. A native of 

 Lanarkshire, Mr. Young was at an early 

 age ai.prcnticed with the late Mr. William 

 ^>oi.U>, then gardener at Bonnington House 

 Lamnk. Mr. Xohle, then in the prime 

 ot lit(s was regarded as a man of sterling 

 qualities and one holding high ideals of 

 the gardening cult, which he endeavoured 

 to instil into the minds of his subordinates, 

 thougii the precept was misunderstood by 

 some of them. Mr. Young, however re- 

 members with pleasure the time spent at 

 iionningtoM, mid believes that his after- 

 success ui life is largely due to the excel- 

 lent training ineiil<.ated by Mr. Noble 

 Afterwards Mr. Young serAtxl a,s iourney- 

 man at Headington Hill Hall, Oxford and 

 at I'alklan.l Palace, Fifeshire, and was for 

 tne yeais foreman to Mr. Ormiston, Alloa 

 I ark. Clackmannanshire. From Alloa he 

 went as head gardener to W. F. Stanley, 

 l*>sq., Lumberlow, South Norwood, Surrey 

 were he laid out a new kitchen garden and 

 orchard, and otherwise improved the place 

 J^rom thence he returnetl to Scotland and 

 entered upon his present situation. As in 

 other callings, but more particularly that 

 oi horticulture, a man's success is" often 

 assured by close and careful study of his 

 environment. This fact was evidently re- 

 cogni-sed by Mr. Young, who, on leaving a 

 eenial southern climate to 



bleak 



1^ 

 in 



moorland 



not 



begin afresh 

 district, did 

 attempt what was well nigh impossible, 

 but concentrated his efforts on producing 

 in thenr best form subjects most likely to 

 sncceefl. The.se were roses, herbaceous 

 plants, and vegetal)l(vs. with all of which 

 he has for many years carriwl off the lea<l- 

 ing honours at exhibitions, Iwth in the 

 immwliate neighbourhood as well as much 

 further afield. A few only of his chief 

 successes can be referred to, viz., at Edin- 

 burgh in St^ptember last, premier position 

 for eighteen dishes of vegetables (open 

 classVandfor thirty-six vases of herbaceous 

 flowers. At Glasgow last year, chief hon- 

 ours for a coller-tion of herbaceous flowers 

 lhreey<>arsagoat Edinburgh, the Centen- 

 ary tup, ])resented by nurserymen, was 

 awarded to a collection of hardy flowers 

 from Craighlaw Gardens ; while for many 

 years Mr. ^ oung has secured a fair share 

 9t the principal honours for roses exhibit- 

 ing l.oth pot plants and cut blooms at the 

 loading centres in Scotland 



were considered unattainable, to the great 

 delight of a generous and sympathetic em- 

 ployer, from whom Mr. Y'oung has always 



received much encouragement in his en- 

 deavours. 



An Interesting: Site of an Old 



Garden.— Waterloo Station, the ter- 



ing 



plants and 



• " . roses, and for trees 



m general, they are given only for varieties 

 tha/t are not procurable in the Union and 

 that cannot be grown from seed, and for 

 not more than ten of a kind. It.is desirabi 

 that nurserymen refrain from' filling any 

 order in the absence of knowde-dge that a 



minus of the London and South-Western Permit has been issued or is practically 



„i. ,. , At home, the 



the If i'"^^'':' ''"•'Attractive aspect of 

 the es abhshment has been entirely 



variety now prevail, where previously such 



^ ^ extended 

 and improved within recent years, is of 

 eonio interest as the site of Cuj^er s Gar- 

 dens, one of the London spas t h at w ei*e 

 popular early in the eighteenth century. 

 In its day tliese gardens' were prominent 

 among the more popular of these resorts on 

 the south side of the Thames. Boydell 

 Cuper, the first proprietor, w^as for some 

 time head gardener to the Earl of Arundel, 

 who forme<l a large and important collec- 

 tion of statues. When the gardens were 

 heing laid out by Cuper, the Earl presented 

 him with several statues from his collec- 

 tion, and these occupied a place alongside 

 the walks imtil 1753, when the gardens w^ere 

 closed, and the land devoted to other 

 purposes. 



A Forest of Araucarias.— Am.ong 



the axivertisements relating to the sale of 

 landed property that arc now appearing is 

 one in Avhich an area of land in Argentina 

 containing 2,000,000 trees of Araucaria im- 

 bricata is offered for sale. The value of 

 the timber and resin furnished by the trees 

 is referred to, and it is pointed out that 

 "the fruit ... is adapted for a var- 

 iety of purposes, including the making of 

 almond rock.'' 



oertaiii Lu i««ueu witn respect to it, Ap, 

 plicants are supplied with permits in'dupli! 

 cate, so that one copy may be sent with the 

 order. ^ Labels and ini^oices should invari- 

 ably give the varietal names of trees 

 shrubs, roses, climbers, etc., as otherwise 

 the inspectors may not be able to connect 

 the plants wnth the permits. In filling 

 orders for the latest varieties of roses and 

 orders for other plants for which customers 

 may say they are unable to get pemits in 

 advance of ordering owing to their not 

 being able to give the varietal names, it is 

 advisable to send to the customer a list of 

 what varieties will be supplied a week or 

 two ahead of despatching the plants. This 

 action w^ould admit of the customer getting 

 a permit before the plants arrive, and thus 

 perhaps avoid serious delay in the delivery 

 of the consignment. 



Successful Workhouse Gar 



deners — Mr. Walter Wood, a Lewis- 

 ham far me r a nd G u ard i an , some time 

 ago challenged the Master of the workhouse 



Bacteriolog^ical 

 nsr Soils. ~ 



m 



Effects of 



According to the 

 lleseaix'h Bulletin of the Iowa Agricul- 

 tural Experiment Station, experiment*! were 

 made at the station with a view to deter- 

 mine the effects of applications of ground 

 limestone on crop yields, the total number 

 of bacteria in the soil, and the number of 

 'bacteria of certain groups. The ground 

 limestone was carefully mixed with different 

 lots of soil 111 pots at the rates of one- 

 halt, one, two, and three tons per acre and 

 the pots were kept at approximately 'uni- 

 form temperature and moisture throughout 

 After the lapse of a month, the soils were 

 examined, the examination being repeated 

 three times at intervals of two or three 

 weeks : and at each the number of bacteri 

 was estimated. It was found that the appli- 

 cations of limestone resulted in an increase 

 in the number of bacteria in the soil, and 

 the increase was almost proportional to the 

 amount of limestone -applied up to three 

 tons per acre. In all cases the largest 

 percentage of gain in bacteria was shown 

 1 . .1'*''^ ^^^"^^"''^ti™. At subsequent 

 dates differences occurring in all the soils, 

 both treated and untreated, obscured to a 

 greater or less extent the differences due 

 to hming The applications of limestone 

 were also found to increase the ammonify- 

 ing nitrifying, and nitrogen-fixing powers 

 of the soil, the increases in each case bein 



in a competition for vegetable culture. Mr. 

 Wood is a good grower, and evidently 

 thought this challenge would interest i^nd 

 inspire the men who worked in the wmk- 

 house garden. Tliese latter are practically 

 all old men of 70 years and upwards, and, 

 under the iMaster's tuition, they have, for 

 the second year in succession, beaten Mr. 

 Wood handsomely, and, incidentally, in- 

 creased the food supply of the workhouse. 



Dr. A. Anstruther Lawson, lec- 

 turer on botany at the Glasgow rniversity, 

 has been appointed to the chair of botany 

 at the Sydn ey Uni versity , New South 

 Wales. Dr. Anstruther will be the first 

 occupant of this position at Sydney, and 

 he is well qualified for his duties. He has 

 travelled considerably in Canada, the 

 United States, and the West Indias, and 

 he is familiar wnth most of the leading 

 botanical institutions in Europe. 



Financial 



at 



a 



swi 



mprovem 



The I p swi ch Horticultural 



Society has for some time been hampered 

 by debt, but special efforts made this year 

 have reduced the debt to £4 6s. 8d., this 



the deficit when accounts were 



being 



closed. The deficit brought forward from 

 1911 was £99 12s., and the income that 

 year was £394 13s. 4d., as compared with 

 £531 9s. lOd. this year. We congratulate 

 our Ipswich friends upon their success and 

 the prospect of better times. 



Snowdrop Snuff.— During a lecture 

 on English wild flow^ers, delivered at the 

 London Salon of Photography, Mr. H. 

 Esseuhigh Corke stated that if the petals 

 of snowdrops were dried and crushed, an 



excellent substitute for snuff would be pro- 

 d need . 



CEnothera Lamarckiana.— The 



well-known work of Professor H. de Vries 

 on the evening primrose, CEnothera 

 Lamarckiana, and the various forms 

 (mutants and hybrids) derived from it has 

 admitte^l into fh^ r^'i^^^f «ie been followed up by various cytologists 



nnde ^ eci.l nermr+ P ""-r"^^ ^^'^ ^«P^ elucidating the origin and 



P^^^A*. Permits are not nature of these forms with referenct to the 



tound to be almost proportional to th 

 weight of hmestone applied. 



Export of Trees, etc, to South 



ATrica.— From the South African De- 

 partment of Agriculture comes the follow- 

 ing notice : Nurserymen with South African 

 customers are hereby respectfully informed 

 that plants, excluding bulbs and seeds, are 



Snen at all for conifers, or for eucalyptus 

 or aeacia trees. " - - 



without regard 



They are freely giv 

 to ouantitv for 



t - quantity, for house 



palms, ferns, carnations, geraniums, chrv- 

 santhemums, orchids, and many other ten- 

 der plants; but are given only for ten 

 plants of a variety in the case of 

 ornamental shruhs ; while for fruit-bear- 



nuclear phenomena. Among these workers 

 IS Miss Anne M. Lutz, who, we learn from 

 "Nature," has published an extensive 

 paper based upon the counting of the 

 chromosomes in the dividing nuclei of 

 various Oenotheras, especia ' — " 

 called "triploid mutants' 

 somatic cells have thrice instead of twice 



-in which the 



