432 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 



shingle, the pebbles being all well rounded, and loosely 

 cemented in a sandy and somewhat ferruginous matrix. (2) 

 Is a bed of fine white sand, about six feet thick. It is full of 

 false bedding, the diagonal stratification being beautifully 

 exhibited by the alternations of darker and lighter coloured 

 layers. Its upper surface is irregular, and is overlaid by a 

 well-marked seam (3) of sand and gravel, which averages 

 about sixteen inches in thickness. Its lower part is gravelly 

 and ferruginous. This stratum is covered by three or four 

 inches of a stiff greenish clay (4), which contains numerous 

 perpendicular (sometimes dichotomous) ferruginous pipes, pro- 

 bably marking the remains of the stems of plants. This 

 stratum passes up into a bed (5), about six feet thick, of dark 

 silt or sandy clay well stratified, having thin lenticular inter- 

 laminations of sand, with occasional oyster-valves, a few 



Section of Sand-pit, Junction Road, Leith. 



stones, and fragments of bones and pottery. The upper part 

 of this bed becomes more sandy, and graduates into the super- 

 incumbent stratum of brown sand (6). The highest bed of 

 the section (7) consists of stratified sand and shingle full of 

 littoral shells, and some of the stones having balani still 

 attached. The irregular deposit (marked h in the diagram), 

 which rests unconformably upon the edges of the strata just 

 described, is a mass of loose humus, which has been thrown 

 down here at no distant date, perhaps to fill up an irregularity 

 of the surface. It is full of stones, bricks, bones, pieces of 



