Vertebroid Homologies of the Cranium in Vertebralia. 61 



country, by Grant, Owen and a host of his followers, and 

 not disputed till lately by Huxley, in his lectures to the 

 Koyal College of Surgeons, first reported as they were de- 

 livered, but without his revisal, in " The Lancet," and now 

 being published in the u Medical Times," arranged and cor- 

 rected by himself. One object of the talented Professor 

 seems to be the repudiation of the Goethe-Oken vertebrate 

 theory of the crauium. Their brilliant inspiration, if it were 

 no farther tenable than giving a good and clear orderly 

 sequence of arrangement of the multitudinous collection of 

 variously shaped bones, could have been profitably used by 

 Professor Huxley in rendering his excellent lectures more 

 lucid, and thus adding another tribute to the illustrious 

 Germans above named, while he could have introduced the 

 later discoveries of Kathke, Eeichart, Hallman, and his own, 

 with more advantage to the farther advancement of this 

 very important theory. 



It is much to be regretted that he did not follow up the 

 vertebral argument more completely. There are some parts 

 of the subject where development would be useful in the 

 establishment of homology, still it is not always to be de- 

 pended upon. Nor are we always to expect that those 

 bones which appear in the mature cranium as single may 

 not arise from more than one ossific centre. Owen has 

 remarked the danger of development multiplying the num- 

 ber of bones by the number that appeared in the foetal condi- 

 tion of the mammal, or in the lower skeleton of the fishes. 



The temporal bone, anthropotomically described, is a 

 marked instance of this, and consists of a vast number not 

 only of osseous elements but distinct members of the skelon. 

 The human temporal zone supporting the maxilla, or lower 

 jaw, is formed by the squamous plate and zygoma, as far back 

 as the middle of the glenoid cavity, bounded by the glasserian 

 fissure, all the rest of the bone being connected with the 

 basi-otic vertebra — the pro-otic or petrous bone forming the 

 pedicle of the petro-parietal neur-arc, having the mastoid 

 process as the tuber lamellae, while the hyp-otic, extending 

 outwards to the digastric mammilla is the tuber lamellae of 

 the wormi-otic neur-arc. The interval between these is 



