THE 



EDINBURGH NEW 



PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL, 



EXHIBITING A VIEW OF THE 



PROGRESSIVE DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS 



IN THE . 



SCIENCES AND TfiE ARTS; 



EDITORS. 



THOMAS ANDERSON, M.D., F.K.S.E, 



REGIOS PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY, ONIVERSITY OF GLASGOW; 



Sir WILLIAM JAKDINE, Bart, F.RSS.L. and E. ; 

 JOHN HUTTON BALFOUK, A.M., M.D., 



F.R.S., Sec. R.S. Edin., F.L.S., 



BEGIDS KEEPER OF THE ROTAL BOTANIC GARDEN, AND PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE AND BOTANY, 

 ONIVERSITY OF EDINBDRGH. 



FOR AMERICA, 



HENKY D. EOaEKS, LL.D., Hon. F.K.S.E., F.G.S. 



STATE GEOLOGIST, PENNSYLVANIA; PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE 

 UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. 



JANUAEY APRIL 1864. 



VOL. XIX. NEW SERIES. 



EDINBURGH : 

 ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK. 

 LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS, LONDON. 

 MDCCCLXIV. 



