but is also (as might naturally be expected) of the most meagre and 

 restricted kind, chiefly consisting of flint implements of rude and 

 simple form, and with but little variety of pattern. No authentic 

 instance of human remains associated with these flint weapons is 

 recorded ; but, after the most careful investigation of these deposits 

 by Messrs. Prestwich, Evans, Falconer, and a number of other un- 

 doubted authorities, whose judgment may well be relied upon, the 

 following conclusions were arrived at : — 1st. That the flint imple- 

 ments are the result of design, and the work of man. 2ndly. That 

 they are found in beds of gravel, sand, and clay, which have never 

 been artifically disturbed. 3rdly. That they occur associated with 

 the remains of land, freshwater, and marine testacea, of species now 

 living, and most of them still common in the same neighbourhood, 

 and also with the remains of various mammalia, a few of the species 

 now living, but more of extinct forms. 4thly. That the period at 

 which their entombment took place was subsequent to the Boulder- 

 clay period, and to that extent Post-glacial; and also that it was 

 among the latest in geological time — one apparently immediately 

 anterior to the surface assuming its present form, so far as it regards 

 some of the minor features. 1 



It is hardly needful to point out to you the regions included in 

 this first division. The valley of the Waveney at Hoxne, Suffolk, 

 where flint implements were found in the year 1800 by Mr. Frere. 

 Archgeologia for 1800, vol. xiii., p. 206.) The Ouse at Bedford, 

 where Mr. Jas. Wyatt has found flint implements and remains of 

 Elephant, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, etc. The Thames-valley high 

 level gravel, where, in an excavation in Gray's Inn-lane, London, a 

 flint weapon associated with the skeleton of an Elephant, was found 

 so long ago as 1715 ; at Fisherton, near Salisbury ; in the Trent, not 

 far from Nottingham; in the Vale of Pickering, the Somme, the 

 Seine, the Rhine, the VaT d' Arno, and many other localities. 



2. The ossiferous caverns and rock-shelters have long been known, 

 but not systematically explored until ten years since. Their contents, 

 as might have been expected, are more rich and varied, and they have 

 given us a greater insight into the state of civilization of their ancient 

 1 Falconer, Palocontological Memoirs, 1868. Vol. II. p. 598. 



