13 



less hare, completes the list of extinct species contemporaneous with 

 man. For, incredible as it may seem, it appears that after a 

 careful investigation of the remains of Felis spelma, the Cave-lion, 

 Messrs. Boyd Dawkins and Sanford have concluded that it cannot 

 be differentiated in any way whatever from the existing lion of 

 Africa. And again that Hycena spelcea is only a variety of H. 

 crocuta, the great spotted Hyaena of S. Africa. 



We now pass therefore to Animals whose geographical distribution 

 has been changed. These we can analyze more fully than the 

 extinct forms before enumerated; and they arrange themselves 

 naturally into two divisions — those which have migrated north, and 

 those which have migrated south. 



The first division, as you will have anticipated, is by far the 

 largest of the two, including nine species. The second consists of 

 two only (the Cave-lion and Cave-hyaena already referred to). 



SpermopMlus citillus. — The " Pouched Marmot " is the first. Its 

 remains have been found at Fisherton, the Mendip Caves, and else- 

 where in England, and also in the Liege Caverns. It is still met 

 with in northern and central Europe, near the snow-line. 



The Lemming (also found at Fisherton, near Salisbury) is now 

 represented in Lapland, Norway, Greenland, Siberia, and Arctic 

 North America. Its migratory and gregarious habits have been ably 

 described by Eichardson and others. 



Ovibos moschatus. — The "Musk-ox," or " Musk-sheep," possesses 

 peculiar interest, as one of those generalized species still left us,, 

 which we were long at a loss where to place with certainty, 

 whether with the Oxen or the Sheep. M. Lartet has shown, 

 however, reason for placing it with the Ovi&m and Capridce. 

 The gravel of the Avon, the river-gravel near Maidenhead, 

 and Green Street Green, in Kent, and the Crayford brick-pits, 

 in the valley of the Thames, have all yielded examples of this 

 animal. It has also been detected by M. Lartet in France. In 

 Siberia its remains occur in the frozen mud of the great rivers, 

 which yield the bodies of the Mammoth, along the whole line of the 

 shores of the Polar Sea. Its living habitat is now the barren, 



