106 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Feb, i } 1892, 



snapped, and it was all Walcott could do k> keep in tbe 

 boat. There was never a black bass hooked which had so 

 much sport with two gentlemen as this one. It took five 

 minutes to conquer him under the name of dogfish and 

 over half an hour to bring hitn within reach of the land- 

 ing net as a black bass. Not a joint in the rod was whole, 

 and as a last resort the fish had to be pulled in "hand 

 over hand." In the bottom of the boat lay a large- 

 mouthed black bass which weighed a few ounces over 

 five pounds; the largest ever caught in tbe creek. But he 

 worried the two anglers until they fell exhausted in the 

 boat, Sanfleet says, "It's an easy matter to land a six- 

 pound doarfLh, but a broad-shouldered, intellierent black 

 bass — that's different." J. E, Gunckel. 

 Toledo, Ohio. : 



CANADIAN SALMON RIVERS. 



FOLLOWING is a copy of the petition now circulating 

 and receiving signatures of anglers directly concerned. 

 Blank copies may be obtained upon application to the 



FOBEST AND STREAM: 



To the honorable Sir Charles H. Tapper, Minister of 

 Marine and Fisheries: 



Tne undersigned, owners and lessees of fishing privi- 

 leges in Canada, respectfully represent that of late salmon 

 have become more and more scarce each year in the 

 Omadian rivers, and that unless the D ominion Govern- 

 ment shall promptly adopt some decided and effective 

 measures to enable a larger number of salmon to safely 

 reach their spawning grounds, great danger of extermina- 

 tion of the species will be incurred. 



We believe the present requirement, that the nets shall 

 be raised from Saturday evening until Monday morning, 

 affords inadequate opportunity for a fair proportion ol 

 the fish to safely reach their spawning grounds. Con- 

 sidering the great extent of shore line along which tbe 

 perfected net appliances now in use are set, the propor- 

 tion of fish which can escape them mu«t be small. T/iis 

 is sufficiently proved by the fact, observed by all angler?, 

 that a large percentage of the salmon which roach fresh 

 water are disfigured and scarred from contact with the 

 nets from which they have escaped. 



We therefore respectfully petition that all salmou nets 

 and traps be hereafter raised during three successive days 

 and nights of each week, which shall be the same stated 

 three days and three nights for all nets. 



We believe that the ultimate interests of the net fisher- 

 men (by whom alone objection would be offered) would 

 not in reality be prejudiced — should our petition be 

 granted. Eventually they must be actually benefited by 

 allowing a larger number of fish to cast then- spawn and 

 thus increase the now diminishing supply. 



We beg your attention to the fact that anglers pay lib- 

 erally for their fishing privileges, and are compelled to 

 guard and protect the salmon while in fresh water; and 

 in consequence of the very small proportion of salmon 

 taken by anglers as compared with the large numbers 

 taken by net fishermen we believe we are entitled to a 

 more favorable consideration. 



In presenting this petition, we submit, therefore, that 

 we ask nothing but what coincides with the interests of 

 the government, as seeking the greatest good to the com- 

 munity it represents, and nothing more than a fairer 

 division of the time between netters and anglers. 



And we respectfully pray that our petition be granted 

 for the common benefit of all concerned. 



In further support of this petition we inclose herewith 

 an article on the subject, reprinted from Forest and 

 Stream, to which we ask your attention. 



FISH WAY CONSTRUCTION. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



I have been called upon so often recently for information 

 in regard to fishways tbat it has become impracticable for 

 me to prepare replies to individunl inquiries. I have 

 thought, therefore, that a brief presentation of the condi- 

 tions necessary to be fulfilled in fishway building and a 

 sketch pointing out the characteristics of the different types 

 or designs of fishways in use or suggested would be accepta- 

 ble to your readers, and be of some assistance to those who are 

 seekine information in regard to fishways. 



Whatever form of fishway may be selected, certain condi- 

 tions must be fulfilled in order to secure success and satis- 

 faction in operation. These may be indicated briefly as fol- 

 lows: 



1 The capacity of the fishway and the volume of water 

 discharged through it should be in some proportion to the 

 total volume of the stream under ordinary conditions of 

 Water. For trout and bass a fishway presenting a passase 

 from 6 to 12in. in width would be ample, provided the 

 location of it was such that fish approaching the obstruct ion 

 would be sure to find their way into the entrance. A much 

 larger construction, with capacity for the discharge of a 

 greater volume of water, would be necessary for large rivers, 

 where the intention is to provide for the passage of salmon,' 

 shad and other fish of considerable size. 



3. The fishway should be so located that the discharge 

 from it will be in line with or above tbe main obstructions 

 in the course of the stream, so that under tbe natural condi- 

 tions of movement the fish will be certain to find the entrance 

 without difficulty. 



8. The construction should be of such strength and so pro- 

 tected as to be absolutely safe from damage or destruciion 

 by flood or ice. When these requirements are met, almost 

 any of the numerous designs of fishways which have been 

 proposed from time to time would be effective. As a mat- 

 ter of fact, in construction these fundamental conditions 

 have usually been disregarded or ignored, and the failures 

 iu fishways have been due to this rather tnan to any fault in 

 the particular design employed. 



Although the number of designs for fishways is very large, 

 all of them may be brought under one of three classes: 



1. The pool and fall fishway, which was among tne first to 

 be designed, and which has been long in use in various 

 countries in Europe. Here the total fall is broken into a 

 series of small falls, with intervening pools and narrow 

 sluiceways leading from one pool to another, alternating in 

 position from one side to the other in descent, so that the 

 velocity of the water is expended in each pool, tbe velocity 

 accumulated in descent from one pool to the next below not 

 "being sufficient to prevent the ascent of vigorous fish. This 

 form is not much in use in this country, though the recent 

 design by Hoekm, of Nova Scotia, belongs to this type. This 

 consists essentially of a succession of pool3 separated by 

 narrow partitions and connected by openings below the sur- 

 face of the pools. In this design no water can enter the 

 fishway except what passes through the opening leading 

 from the upper pool into the dam, The successive openings 



from one pool to the other being of the same size, it follows 

 that the surface of the water in tbe second pool will staud 

 above the opening into tbe next at the same level that the 

 surface of the water in the dam stands above the opening 

 from tbe dam iuto the first pool; and this is true for all the 

 succeeding ones. 



2. The inclined plane fish Way. in which the water is led 

 down a flat slope, and its velocity arrested by causing it to 

 pursue a sinuous course bv the introduction of deflecting 

 buckets at intervals in its course. The Brackett, the Atkins, 

 and a number of others of this type have been suggested. 

 The Rogers fishway belongs also to this type and presen's 

 no novelty whatever in the means of arresting the velocity 

 of descent of water It owes the success which it measura- 

 bly has obtained to the fact that in its construction the con- 

 ditions which I have indicated as necessary for success have 

 been observed by the builders. The fishway has been built 

 either in a cribwoik above the dam or in the dam itself, so 

 that tbe discharge from the lower end will be in a direct 

 line with the obstruction. As a device for aiding tbe ascent 

 of fish, it must be classed with the other fishways built on 

 this inclined plane system, presenting no novelty over 

 exisKug forms, and certainly no improvement over the 

 Brackett. 



Iu the two general plans above indicated the fish follow 

 thf same path that the water does, which requires a very 

 indirect and sinuous course in passing over tbe obstruction 



3. Tbe general plan which was first suggested by myself, 

 in 1871:1, aims to secure the retardation of the water hy caus- 

 ing it to expend its acceleration in friction, pursuing the 

 same devious course that it follows in the Brackett and other 

 fishways of that system, and at the same time to provide a 

 direct easy swimming way for the fish. This is accomplished 

 by erecting an inclined sluiceway, built of boards or timber, 

 with deflecting plates so arranged and alternating as to 

 arrest and return against eravity one-half of the volume of 

 the descending current. Tnis return current meeting tbe 

 remaining direct current, establishes a water dam which 

 practically breaks up the descent into a series of pools, and 

 so reduces the acceleration of tbe water as to establish an 

 easy, direct swimming way for fish. Small openings at the 

 lowest point of each of the series of deflecting buckets per- 

 mit sand and gravel and other small material which may 

 find its way there to fall through and pass in succession 

 through the entire series and be discharged at the outlet, so 

 that practically the fishway automatically frees itself from 

 sediment and remains open. 



1 have sketched briefly tbe necessary conditions for suc- 

 cessful fishway building of whatever type, and have indi- 

 cated the three general plans ot types under which all exist- 

 ing constructions fail. Tbe question of success in any par- 

 ticular case will turn rather npnu the intelligence and skill 

 displayed in the location and adaptation of the fishway to 

 the conditions of site than upon the particular form em- 

 ployed, and the question of the selection of any particular 

 plan in any case would be determined by questions of cost 

 and peculiarties of site, and special adaptation to conditions 

 prescribed. Marshall McDonald, 



Commissioner of Fisheries. 



WISCONSIN FISH CULTURE. 



MADISON, Wis., Jan. 27.— Editor Forest and Stream: 

 1 take pleasure in writing you a few lints, that your 

 numerous readers may know what Wisconsin is doing this 

 winter in the way of artificial propagation of fish. 



The brook front spawning season opened about Nov. 10 

 and closed Jin 13. During this time the Commission to* k 

 some 5.000,000 brook trout eggs, being an average of f50 

 eggs from each female trout. I think this is, withoutdoubt, 

 the greatest number of brook trout eggs taken at anyone 

 station in tbe Union. 



Our California mountain trout began to spawn Jan. 18. 

 and we have taken to date (Jan. 25) 5SO.00O eggs from 322 

 females, making an average of 1,801 eggs per fish. One fish 

 which we spawned yielding 4,025 eggs. We expect to take 

 about 4 008,000 of the eegs of the mountain trout. The fry 

 of this fish will be planted iu the large streams, rivers, and 

 lakes of the State, where they seem to do well. 



The largest mountaiu trout which I have known to be 

 caught from our streams, with a hook and line, weighed 

 10. bs. 2oz. My friends, Clark and Mather, both distinguished 

 fishcuiturists, claim that it i3 impossible to impregnate and 

 ha*ch 50 p°r cent, of the rainbow trout eggs. With us we 

 have no difficulty in hatching 80 per cent, of the eggs taken. 

 When our eggs are first taken they are laid on wire trays, 

 2ft. long, 16in. wide. On each tray we lay 10,000 eggs. The 

 eggs are picked over when first hu'd down and all bad eggs 

 removed. The eggs are not picked over again for two 

 weeks. After tbe third week the em bry is formed. We 

 have no more trouble in handling them than we do other 

 eggs. 



1 would like to hear irom some of the superintendents of 

 hatcheries as to what their experience has been in using salt 

 for young fry when they become diseased and begin to die; 

 as we have all had more or less experience with the loss of 

 young fry. As for myself I never had any faith in salt uutil 

 last season, when our rainbow trout, which were about ten 

 days old, began to die, and do what we. would we could not 

 save them. We got a barrel of salt and used it freely for 

 two days. At the end of this time our fish were doing 

 nicely and we had no further trouble with them. For the re- 

 mainder of the season while we had fish iu the troughs they 

 were salted every morning. At present I have such faith in 

 salt that I am using it every day on our brook trout from 

 tbe time they are first hatched, and I shall continue to do so 

 until I am convinced that I am in tbe wrong. 



The cali for fry for our streams and lakes increases each 

 year; and although we nave greatly enlarged our facilities 

 for hatching we find we are as far'from supplying this de- 

 mand as we have been at any time duriDg past years. 



If a suitable location can be found it is the intention of 

 the Commission to establish a branch hatchery on the Wis- 

 consin Cential or on the M., L. S. & W. Ry. to hatch pike 

 and muskallonge fry with which to replenish the waters in 

 the northern part of the State. 



During the past two seasons Mr. W. D. Marks, Superin- 

 tendent of the Michigan Fish Commission, and myself have 

 been experimenting in hatching white biss. In June, 1891, 

 we succeeded in hatching some 20,000.000 of bass fry. We 

 are making preparations to hatch this gamy fiUh in large 

 numnersthis season, as a large number of the parent fish 

 can be easily secured. . Each female bass will produce an 

 average ot 50,000 eggs. With the water at a temperature of 

 60deg. F. the eggs will hatch in fifty-six hours from the 

 time they are taken. From past experience we have learned 

 that we can hatch.50 per cent, of the eggs in incubation, but 

 with improved appliances and experience, in the luture we 

 may be able to hatch a larger percentage. When we once 

 get this valuable game fish introduced into the many lakes 

 to which they are not indigenous; they will add greatly to 

 the food supply of the people. 



Last summer the Commission built a new hatching house- 

 on their Madison grounds. The building is a splendid frame 

 structure, 40ft. wide, 85ft. long and two stories high. Tbe 

 superintendent's office is in the vestibule on the first floor. 

 The first story contains but two rooms— f he office mentioned 

 above and the main or hatching room. There are no pillars 

 or braces on the first floor, tbe ceiling being supported from 

 above. The water supply enters at both ends of the build- 

 ing. The hatching troughs extend from either end toward 

 the center; leaving an aisle 13ft, wide extending from the 

 main entrance across the middle of the building. At the 

 further end of this aisle is an alcove with fire-place and 

 nrantej, 



The flrgt story is ceiled and finished with long leaf Georgia 

 nine, hard-oil finish; and in due time the second story will 

 be finished the same as the first. It is the intention of the 

 Commission to use the second floor as a museum, in which 

 all the different species of fresh-water fish of America will 

 be exhibited. 



The building complete cost $6,0(X>; and I doubt whether 

 there is another State hatchery which present? as flue an 

 appearance throughout as this. ' 



The Commission is making preparations for a fish display 

 at tbe World's Fair. The State Board of World's Fair Com- 

 missioners have granted us funds with which to commence 

 operations; and the next Legislature will, no doubt, grant 

 tis an additional appropriation sufficiently large to enable 

 us to make a creditable display. We hops to make au ex- 

 hibit that will compare favorably with those of other St ites. 



Jas. Nevin, Supt. t 



NEW YORK FISH COMMISSION. — It is said that Dr 

 Sargent of Watertown was to have be n appointed in Mr. 

 Burden's place, but somebody suggested that the Doctor 

 was a Republican, and that settled it. We learn that Gen. 

 Robert Lenox Banks of Albany is talked of for the place. 



Bogs: Their Managem ent and Treatment in Disease. By 

 Ashmont. Price $2. Kennel Record and Account Booh. 

 Price $3. Training vs. Breaking. By S. T. Hammond. 

 Price $1. First Lessons in Dog Training, with Points of 

 all Breeds. Price 60 cents. 



F I XTU RES. 



DOG SHOWS. 



Feb. 9 to 12.— Fourth Annual Dog Show of the Mascoutah Ken- 

 nel Club. at. Chicago, 111. John L, Lincoln, Jr., Sec'y. 



Feb. 16 to 19.— Second Annual Show of the Central City Kennel, 

 Jackson. Mich. Chas. H Riihl, Sec'y. 



Feb. 28 to 26— Sixteenth Anrual Dog Show of the Westminster 

 Kennel Club, at New York. James Mort'mer. Supt. 



March 1 to 4.— First Dog Show ot the Keystone Kennel Club at 

 Philadelphia. Pa. 



MrtcIi 8 to 11.— Washington City Kennel Club. Washington, D. 

 O. Fred. ?. Webster, Sec'y, J38 Broarl w a v, New York. 



March 15 to 18 —Second Annual D^g S*-ow of tbe Duquesne 

 Kennel Club, at Pittsburgh. Pa. W. E Littell, Sec'v. 



Anril C 'o 9.— Seventh Annual Do» Shnw of the New England 

 Kernel Club. »t Boston. Mass. E. H. Moore, Sec'v. 



April 13 to 16.— Third Annual Dos t^how of the Continental 

 Kennei Club, »i Pe.uver, Col. R W. r««nthal, Sec'v. 



April 20 to 23 —Fourth Annual Dog Show of trie Southern Cali- 

 fornia Kennel Club, at L^s Angeles, Cal. C. A. ''nniner, Sec'y. 



May 4 to 7— Annual D"s Show of the CaPfornia Kennel Cmb, 

 at San Francisco Cal. Frauk J. Silvpy. Seti'y. 



Entries for Jackson, Mich., show close 

 to-day, with Chas. Ruhl, Jackson, Mich. 

 W. K. C. entries close Feb. 8= 



PACIFIC COAST FIELD TRIALS. 



{Special Repo»tl 



rHE annual field trials of the Pdcifi? Coast Field Trials 

 Club were held Jan. IS to 23, at Bakersfield, Cal., and 

 were an unqualified success. Tbe weather was delightful 

 and birds plentiful, and the attendance of visiting snorts- 

 men greater than at any previous meeting. The country 

 being perfectly level, the spectators are able to ride and see 

 tbe work of tbe doas. The headqunrters of the club is at a 

 hotel and a good room is set ap^rt for business and social 

 meetings. 



The judges were Messrs. R T. Van^evoort, of Pasadpna; 

 D. M. Pyle, of Bikersfield, and H. T. Payne, of Los Angeles. 

 The sportsmen present came from all p.irts of the State, 



The Derby. 



Owing to a delay in the arrival of some of the officers of 

 the club, the dogs to run in tbe Derby were not drawn until 

 Monday morning, which delayed the opening trials several 

 hours. The first brace put down were Mr. Kerckboff's black, 

 white and tan setter Sam K. Gladstone and Mr. I/iovtlle's 

 black, white and tan setter Dottie Day. Sim Gladstone was 

 handled by D. M. Walters and Dottie by Win. Dermott. 

 Tbe birds were wild, moving in large bevies and sought the 

 willow thickets, where the dogs could not be seen. Much of 

 the time they were both very fast and pretty worker*. In 

 the more open ground better work was done and several 

 good points made. Of these Gladstone got tbrpe and D jttie 

 two. Other qualities being about equal, the former won. 

 The dogs were down lh 10m. 



Flake L,— Del Monte.— Tbe next brace put down were 

 P. D. Linville's olack and white setter Flake. L. and W. J. 

 Golcher's pointer Del Monte. The former was handled by 

 Dermott and the latter by George T. Alexander. Both dogs 

 were very fast and wide rangers, but Flake showed tbe most 

 stamina, holding her speed throughout. She madethe most 

 points and was awarded the heat The dogs were down lh. 



Ottilie— Alice Gladstone —The third brace were J. M. 

 Barney's pointer Ottilie and T. J. Watson's setter Alice 

 Gladstone. The former was handled by Aliender and the 

 latter by Dermott. This was a very speedy pair. In fact, 

 all the dogs thus far had shown more speed than uose, 

 causing them to dash in among birds that should have been 

 drawn on and pointed Fewer points were nude than in 

 former heats, hut Alice bad tbe best of it, after working 

 40 n., and was awnrded tbe heat. 



Starlight — Rush Ceoxteth.— The last brace were T. J. 

 Watson's setter Starlight and Charles Studarn's pointer 

 Rush Croxteth. The former was handled by Dermott and 

 the latter by its owner. Starlight was a fast and beautiful 

 worker, quartering the ground nicely, while the pointer was 

 slow and lacking in style. It looked as though the pointer 

 would not be in it, but, to the surprise of all, he found and 

 pointed bird after bird, while the setter was dashing about 

 through the cover like a bine streak, but <;oing nothing ex- 

 cept to make one point and back Rush on one of bis points. 

 The dogs were down half an hour. This ended the first series 

 of the Derby, 



TUESDAY. 

 Second Series. 



Several more visitors arrived to-dav from San Francisco, 

 among them George Crocker and a party of triends iu a 

 private car. The work to day was over the same grounds a*i 

 yesterday. Birds were plentiful enough but did not lie well 

 to the dogs till toward evening. 



Sam K. Gladstone— Flake L— The first dogs put down 

 in the second series of the Derby were Sam K. Gladstone 

 and Flake L. The former won. 



Rush Croxteth— Alioe Gladstone.— The pointer Rush 

 Croxteth and setter Alice Gladstone, were next down. The 

 former was handled by the owner and the latter by Dermott. 

 Rush Croxteth was declared the winner-. 



Third S< rirs. 



Sam K. Gladstone— Rush Croxteth.— In the third series 

 Sam K. Gladstoue beat Rush Croxteth and won first money. 



FLAKE L.— Dottie DAT.— Then Flake L. and Dpftie Day 

 were run to determine which would be best to put down 

 against Rush Croxteth to go for second money, and Flake 

 was selected. She defeated her opponent and won second 



