26 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
defects, and is anxious to correct the mistakes of his predecessors, 
though equally desirous of preserving his highly prized trees, and 
he is considering a carefully devised scheme to effect both pur- 
poses by an extensive removal of those that require more space. 
Where new gardens or parks are being formed, one great 
difficulty always is to provide a sufficient number of large trees 
and shrubs to avoid the bare, unfurnished appearance which for 
several years is so disappointing while the young shrubs or trees 
are assuming the size requisite to display their true characteristics. 
Modern millionaires who admire our old well-timbered parks and 
handsome avenues, and who wish to see something of the same 
kind in the estates they form, are beginning to realise that it is 
possible to greatly lessen the too conspicuous newness of their 
demesnes by the introduction of larger trees than are usually 
planted. Nor is the work only within the reach of the wealthy, 
for the expense can be reduced within much more reasonable 
limits than was at one time thought possible, while greater safety 
can at the same time be assured. 
It is often asked, What large growing trees can be lifted for 
removal with a fair prospect of success ? The question is not 
easily answered in a few words. Not because the number of 
such is small, but because, in my experience, there are few which 
cannot be safely subjected to this treatment. I have lifted many 
kinds of Conifers and deciduous trees in different parts of the 
country, and under varying conditions of soil and climate, and 
the results have been so uniform that I can speak with confidence 
on the matter. Such Conifers as Thuja Lohhi, Abies Alhertiana, 
Picea nohilis, Picea ceijJialonica, Cuincssus Lmosoniana, Tax- 
odium sempervirens, Gedrus Deodar a, and Cedrus Libani, of 
heights ranging from 20 feet to 50 feet and proportionate diameter, 
have been lifted, and in some cases conveyed a distance of 
several miles, without any real injury. Magnificent Retinosporas, 
12 feet to 15 feet in height, Portugal Laurels of great ago, fine 
IlolUes, Horse-chestnuts, and Copper Beech, withlargoLaburnums 
and Scarlet Thorns, and many others have also been lifted with 
equal success. With only one kind have I had any really serious 
trouble, and that is Abies Plnsajjo, which, from some cause that 
I have not been able to ascertain, has proved very refractory and 
uncertain ; and I should hesitate to advise the removal of very 
large specimens, except in a case of great urgency. The trceg 
