FRUIT CULTURE IN FRANCE. 
149 
Of the Bigarreau sorts, Noir, Bouge, and Bose. Of the white- 
hearted sorts, PrScoce, d'Annonay^ Potcrpre hdtive, and de 
VOliio. 
2. Dwarf trees : The Anglaise hdtive, ImpSratrice, Lemercier^ 
Belle de Chatenayj and Grosse Transparente varieties. The dio 
Nord, black. The BeautS de VOhio and Pourpre hdtive^ white- 
hearted varieties. The NapoUon Bigarreau. 
A.— Cherry Orchards from a Commercial Point of View, 
The following are some of the principal centres for the pro- 
duction of Cherries suitable for trade, direct consumption, and 
preserving. 
The Bourgogne Cherry Orchards. — The growers in the Lower 
Bourgogne have realised the advantage to be gained from cul- 
tivating Cherries profusely on their hillsides, more especially as 
they favour the most profitable varieties, namely, the Parisian 
Boyale hdtive variety, the English May Duke, and i)iQ Anglaise 
hdtive. From the nature of the tree and its fruit, the Anglaise 
hdtive takes the lead in plantations for profit. The orchards of 
Saint-Bris, which produce from 100,000 to 120,000 francs' worth 
annually, are composed of the Anglaise variety. Such a good 
result has not failed to encourage competition. At the present 
time the slopes and hillsides on each side of the old road from 
Auxerre to Avallon are covered with Cherry plantations crown- 
ing the bare tops of the pebbly and calcareous hills, or enriching 
the steep slopes where it is impossible for the vine to flourish. 
The markets now receive supplies from Augy, Champs, 
Quenne, &c., whereas formerly Saint-Bris was the only con- 
signing centre. The trees are arranged quincuncially, at a 
distance of three or four metres, grafted low down on the Sainte- 
Lucie variety, and grown as bushes. From the natural dis- 
position of the Anglaise variety, the foliage is dense and the 
growth moderate, but its productive powers are very great. The 
bush is seldom more than 2 metres high, and the fruit can be 
gathered without the aid of a ladder, a small stick being all 
that is necessary. 
The chief expenses incurred in cultivation of this kind may 
be briefly stated thus : For example, a piece of land, value 
about 1,000 francs per hectare, planted in rows with 800 of the 
Sainte-Lucie (Cerasus Mahaleb) variety, upon which are grafted 
