FRUIT CULTURE IN FRANCE. 
171 
labelled are sold according to the shipper's trade-mark and 
reputation. 
The temperate climate near the Loire and its tributaries 
encourages the fruit to ripen earlier — towards the end of July — 
but by the time the fruit reaches the foggy shores of the Thames 
the cost is considerably increased. We have heard of an orchard 
at Angers, consisting of two hectares, planted with Bcurre 
Giffard and Williams, both as dwarf bushes, which yields 
10,000 francs ; also of a market gardener at Nantes who makes 
1,500 francs from his rows of Williams and Duchcsse. The 
Pomological Society of America mentions a farm-orchard in 
Surrey (Virginia) where 20,000 trees were planted on 80 hectares, 
nearly all being Williams and only about one-twentieth Clapp's 
Favourite. The fruit is gathered between June 20 and July 10, 
and is then left several days on shelves in the fruit-room before 
being packed in cases and shipped to New York and Boston. In 
1882 the company which manages the farm sent off 4,000 cases 
of Pears, valued at 75,000 francs, which enabled them to pay a 
dividend of 50 per cent. 
Autumn Pears suitable for Trade Plantations. — Market 
planters will do well to grow the following varieties, as they 
are suitable for trade purposes. We name them in order of 
merit. 
I. Standards. 
Beurrc Diel. 
Louise-Bonne d'Avranches. 
Beurre d'Angleterre. 
Fondante Thirriot. 
Beurre d'Apremont, 
Triomphe de Jodoigne. 
Be Tongre. 
Beurre Capiaumont. 
II. Bush 
Trees. 
Beurre Dumont. 
Beurre Baltet pere . 
De Tongre. 
Doyenne blanc. 
Madame Bonnefond. 
Colmar d'Arenberg. 
Beurre Hardy. 
President Mas. 
Fondante Thirriot. 
Beurre Capiaumont. 
Antoine Delfosse. 
Duchesse d'Angoulcme. 
Beurre Diel. 
Beurre Bachelier. 
Beurre Clairgeau. 
Louise-Bonne d'Avranches. 
Charles-Ernest. 
Marguerite Marillat. 
Triomphe de Jodoigne. 
Sucrce de Montlu9on. 
Fondante des Bois. 
Alexandrine Douillard. 
