172 
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 
III. For Training on Walls. 
Beurr6 gris dor6. Crassane. 
Though the summer Pears tempt one by their early maturity, 
those of the autumn are none the less valuable to the grower, 
on account of their abundance, their beauty, their quality, and 
their less rapid ripening. The largest business transactions 
carried on in Pears are done with the autumn varieties, as 
might be easily proved by a visit to the market at that season, 
or by examining the railway company's books. The Angers 
station forwards 800,000 kilos, of Pears between July and January, 
the maximum being just at the time when the autumn Pears are 
gathered. The picking of the fruit is often done early, so as 
to prolong the season and to facilitate carriage and sale. The 
greater part of the waggons and boats are filled up with the 
small fruits, which are sold by costermongers in the streets of 
Paris ; but the beautiful picked specimens of Louise-Bonne, 
Duchesse, Clairgeau, Diel, and Golmar d' Arcnherg are packed 
in cases and sent by passenger train to England and Russia. 
Our colleague, Anatole Leroy, of Angers, assures us that the 
Duchesse variety is better in its native home than it is anywhere 
else. Merchants will pay 15 centimes as a wholesale price, but 
at St. Petersburg they easily fetch " a rouble ''—i.e. 2 fr. 50 c. 
apiece. In a neighbouring department a grower at Ccrisy (Orne) 
gathers annually 300,000 Pears, the greater part being Williams, 
Dtichesse, Beurre d'Amanlis, Beurre Diel, Beiirre Clairgeau, 
Beurrd Hardy, Louise-Bonne, Nec i^lus Meuris, De Tongre, 
Triomphe de Jodoigne, Doyenne du Cornice (this last being 
grafted on the Quince), and some winter varieties : Passe- 
Crassane, Olivier de Serres, Bergamote Espercn, and Doyennd 
dliiver, a wall variety. The fruit is carefully gathered, tlie best 
specimens being sold by the piece, and the rest in baskets of 
15 kilos, packed in husks of oats, and then sent to Paris, 
England, or Germany. It has been remarked by the owner that 
Beurre Dumont, Beurre Six, and Benrrd Bachelier do not stand 
carriage as well as the above-named varieties. Mont of the 
trees are trained in chandelier sliapo, in vertical or oblique 
cordons, as espaliers, or grown against a wall. The yearly 
sales yield an income of 20,000 to 25,000 francs. Doyennd du 
Cornice can only be profitably grown when under the most 
