FRUIT CULTURE IN FRANCE. 
173 
favourable conditions, the tree being grafted on the Quince, 
and trained in palm-leaf or chandelier shape, with a long stem. 
The variety Charles -Ernest gives superb results in the 
neighbourhood of Versailles, and Beurre Dumont in the North. 
About 45 miles outside Paris there is a plantation of pyra- 
mids, Duchesse and Louise- Bo7ine, which yields 15,000 francs 
per hectare, after deducting all expenses of gathering, packing, 
carriage, and sale. At Amiens, a garden of 15 ares, contain- 
ing 140 trees, most of them Duchesse, produces from that variety 
alone as much as 800 francs' worth of Pears, the plantation 
being ten years old. It is estimated that a Beurr& cV Angleterre 
Pear tree, twenty years old, will yield 150 kilos, of fruit. The 
money value of each tree is therefore 22 francs 50 cents. At 
least one hundred tall Beurre cV Angleterre trees may be grown 
on 1 hectare of land, which, after twenty years' growth, would 
yield 2,250 francs, not counting the annual crop of hay grown 
under the trees, which may be estimated at two or three 
thousand kilos. 
Winter Pears for Commercial Plantations, — The favourite 
winter Pears for trade growing are, in order of merit : — 
I. Standards. 
Cur6. 
Nouvelle Fulvie. 
Charles Cognee. 
Chaumontel. 
Soeur Gregoire. 
Olivier de Serres. 
Doyenn6 d'Alen9on. 
Beurre Eauce. 
11. Bush Trees. 
Bergamote Esperen. 
Beurr^ d'Hardenpont. 
Passe-Crassane. 
Charles Cognee. 
Olivier de Serres. 
Nouvelle Fulvie. 
Soeur Gregoire. 
Passe-Colmar. 
Doyenn6 d'AIenQon. 
Marie Benoist. 
Doyenne de Montjean. 
Beurre Sterckmans. 
Duchesse de Bordeaux. 
Koyale Vendue. 
Cur6. 
Beurr^ de Lu9on. 
III. Wall Trees. 
Doyenn^ d'hiver. 
Saint-Germain d'hiver. 
Winter Pears offer this advantage to the grower, that he can 
D 
