174 
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
always be sure of a market for them in tlie North of Europe, 
where, owing to the sliortness of the summer heat, it is 
impossible to grow them ; and also for the hotel-keepers, who 
during the winter season can obtain no other fresh fruit except 
Pears, Apples, and Grapes. In this case a fruit storehouse is 
indispensable to the cultivator if he is to profit by the 
advantages offered by the late season sales. It is important to 
select fine and good specimens ; the smaller ones do not sell 
nearly so well, and varieties liable to fall prematurely will not 
keep, and lose great part of their value. 
If the Doyenne cVhiver will grow successfully in a selected 
spot as a bush tree — that is to say, if it does not become spotted 
— it ought to be planted in the first row of the orchard ; but if not, 
then a wall is necessary for it. One year a Chambourcy grower 
supplied Paris with 100,000 Cauliflowers, and the same number 
of Pears, of which half were Doyennd d'hiver. The trees are 
grafted on the Quince, and grow on walls 3 metres high, and 
are trained as double cordons or as little four-armed chandeliers. 
They are all grown with a long stem. The blossoms and fruit 
are sheltered from the spring frosts and from the sudden hot 
suns in the summer. The fruit is regular in form and well- 
coloured, which is of prime importance for a good sale in the 
market. The Doyenne d'hiver, which grows well in sheltered 
places, is not successful in a wind-swept orchard ; whilst, on the 
contrary, the Doyannd d'Alenqon is a favourite in the North, 
where it yields a crop of sound and exquisite fruit grown in 
the open. This shows that it is necessary to take account of 
the surroundings and local conditions, and profit by other 
people's experience, unless one is willing to take the risks of a 
long and costly apprenticeship. This remark applies specially 
to Pear trees on walls — Doyenne hlanc, Beurrd gris, Crassane 
(autumn), Saint- Germain, and Bon CJiretlcn (a winter Pear). 
Except the last variety, which does best in the South, the 
others thrive in the East and West, and often in the North on 
fertile soil, the tree being grafted on the Quince. They will 
always do well as bush trees if planted in a favoured position. 
I have seen them growing in this way in several orchards in 
ihe Centre and South of France. They are grown in Normandy 
on walls, the trees being trained in fan-shape, with cither 
high or low stem, grafted on the Quince. Near Louviers, 
