176 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
First, let us consider the table varieties — to be eaten with a 
knife or spoon, either fresh or cooked — and then we shall come 
to the cider and preserving Apples. 
Apples fo7' Commercial Plantations. — In all countries where 
Apples can be grown they are the object of trade cultivation, 
both in the fruit garden and orchard. Examples of orchards 
yielding enormous crops are to be seen in every Department, so 
we will not trouble to enumerate them. We will class the varie- 
ties according to their respective seasons. 
Su7nmer Apples. — The following early varieties are recom- 
mended for market plantations : — 
I. Standards. II. Dwarf Trees and Bushes. 
Transparente de Croncels. Borovitski. 
Rambour d'6t6. Transparente de Croncels. 
Astrachan rouge. Saint- Germain. 
Apples for Dessert and Cooking, either half-standards or 
dwarfs : — 
Gladstone. — A free-growing tree, and hardy with regard to 
resisting the cold. Fair sized, deep red-coloured fruit ; good 
for Apply jelly and stewed fruit. Ripe in July. 
Transparente blanche. — Same as above in growth ; fruit 
large ; dead ivory colour ; for early season jelly. Ripe in 
July. 
iIaw^/ior?zcZe7i.— Extremely fertile tree ; fairly large ; white 
mother-of-pearl in colour ; juicy and sweet ; for jellies. 
Kesioick Codlin makes a well-shaped tree ; fertile ; fruit 
good ; abundant in Scotland ; suitable for family and house- 
hold use. 
Lord Suffbcld. — Very fertile variety; one of the hirgest 
fruits ; ivory-white in colour ; good for dessert ; flesh firm ; 
appreciated for household use. 
The summer varieties do best on dry soils, because the 
sap so soon ceases to rise that the trees could not nourish 
fruits ripening later. It is well to grow a few trees of these 
kinds for the grower's own consumption, and also for sale 
in the market ; but they should not be planted to excess, because 
Peaches and Pears are just commencing to ripen at tho 
Bamo time. Too often tlio early, niealy-lleshcd Apples arc sent 
to market ; but this is contrary to the interests of both seller and 
