CHRYSANTHEMUM SEEDS AND SEEDING. 



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what I may call the paint-brush principle, the florets representing 

 the hair or bristles, and the involucre replaces the supports by 

 which the hairs or component portions are held together, as here 

 shown (b). The florets (c and d) are generally of two kinds, the 

 outer or ray flowers being more or less ligulate (d), while the 

 central or disc florets are tubular, as here shown (c). The outer 

 or ray florets are female flowers having styles only, and no 

 stamens, but the central or disc florets are hermaphrodite, being 

 furnished with pollen-yielding anthers as well as with pollen- 

 receiving bifid styles (e). The anthers (/) of the Chrysanthemum, 

 as of all the members of the composite order, are coherent by 

 their margins, or syngenesious, and they are, moreover, proter- 

 androus — that is to say, the pollen is ripe and ready some days 

 before the stigmas of the same flowers are fit for fertilisation. 

 In a word, the Chrysanthemum had ages ago become naturally 

 adapted for cross-fertilisation, and to that fact no doubt is due 

 its variability in nature and in our gardens. 



Our finest and best Japanese Chrysanthemums of to-day are 

 raised by M. Delaux, Dr. Ed. Audiguier, M. D. Pertuzes, and 

 other raisers of Toulouse ; M. Reydellet of Valence, M. Boucharlet, 

 aine, and M. Rozain Boucharlet of Lyons, and Major Charles Le 

 M. Carey of Guernsey ; but the American growers, although 

 much later in the field, are already sufficiently successful to 

 become formidable rivals in the future. 



England and Ireland. — And now comes the question what 

 shall we do in England ? Shall we rest contented with the 

 varieties our friends in France, the Channel Islands, and in 

 America rear and send to us year after year, or shall we rear 

 home-grown seed and seedlings for ourselves ? 



Chrysanthemum seeds were successfully harvested in England 

 fifty or sixty years ago, and they are ripened here to-day by Mr. 

 Alfred Salter, Mr. Cullingford, Mr. Teesdale, Mr. Piercy, and 

 other growers. Mr. Hartland ripened seeds at Cork, cutting the 

 flowers, which were pompons, as the seed approached maturity, 

 after which the flowers were dried in a hot air press. Seeds thus 

 ripened were given to Mr. Cullingford, who raised from them 

 Hartland's "Marguerite," a small single-flowered white, and 

 from this last-named variety Mr. Piercy has raised in the second 

 generation several superior early-flowering kinds, including Miss 

 P. Broughton, Clara, White Lady, Goldsmith, Dodo, and others. 



