EXTRACTS OF PROCEEDINGS. 



xxvii 



pulp whorl, (d) a peel whorl represented by two strips only, and 

 with the coloured glandular surface twisted towards the central 

 axis of the Orange, showing that these peel strips are no other 

 than transformed stamens, or carpels, or leaves. 



11 In my opinion, the relation of the coloured peel to the pulp 

 carpels is exactly that of the purple sheath of the Moutan PaBony 

 to the green carpels it encloses. The peel is no more the outer 

 surface of the carpels than the calyx of Physalis Alkekengi is 

 the outer surface of its pulp carpels. 



" In the Tangerine Orange there is only slight adhesion 

 between the peel and the pulp-cells. Then take fig. e, pi. 125, 

 and fig. b, pi. 126, of ' Oranges and Lemons,'* and you will 

 find one-third of an inch of space between the peel whorl and 

 the pulp whorl ; all degrees of adhesion and non-adhesion are to 

 be found. Some varieties of Citrus have the peel so closely 

 adhering to the pulp that it can only be detached with a knife, 

 while in others the pulp ball actually rattles within the peel 

 envelope. 



" What is most convincing of all, however, is that in those 

 species of Citrus in which the peel is divided into segments, with 

 their edges covering, and thus forming a continuous envelope, 

 the segments of the peel do not tally with the segments of the 

 carpel ball. How can I, therefore, believe that each peel 

 segment is the outer surface of a carpel ? 



" The second specimen you gave me was of common occur- 

 rence. The small inner orange was enveloped in its own peel. 

 That is, the doubling occurred — peel pulp, peel pulp. This is 

 exactly what occurs in the doubling of some kinds of Narcissus. 

 In these we have the doubling occurring in this fashion— calyx 

 corolla, calyx corolla, calyx corolla, and so on up to the centre 

 of the flower. In some cases the calyx retains its greenish 

 colour throughout the series. 



" The interest of the second specimen was in the smallness of 

 the inner Orange. Its juice vesicles were so small and sessile, 

 that they were almost indistinguishable from the oil-cells of the 

 peel, the prominent difference being, that the former had an 

 acid taste." 



* The Cultivated Oranges and Lemons of India and Ceylon. Atlas of 

 Plates, with descriptive letter-press. By E. Bonavia, M.D. London: 

 W. Allen & Co. 1890. 



