THE GARDEN OF ARTIFICIAL HILLS (TSUKIYAMA). 



83 



cannot be formed conveniently, Shugo-seki, the commanding stone, will be 

 placed here. And in that case this stone Teido-seki is removed to the 

 place where the tree Sekiyo-boku stands. (See the tree No. 5.) It is also 

 called Joza-seki (the stone of upper seat), for it is set on the upper part of 

 the hill whence one glances over or surveys the whole view. 



Karan-seki (a stone that has a round shape like a snail) is the name 

 applied to the stone No. 7. It is placed in the central part of the stepping- 

 stones in the front ground, and keeps them in good order. For in either 

 case if the stones are arranged in a row like flying wild geese (Karigane- 

 gata) or turning to and fro as the water-fowls on the wave (Chidori-gata) 

 they must have a bigger stone in the middle in order to keep the smaller 

 ones in harmony. It looks like a captain who leads some soldiers in the 

 field and puts them in arrangement. Or it is also called Garan-seki, for a 

 master of athletics named Soanii once used a stone pedestal of a temple 

 (Garan) in this place. The principal use of this stone is for the corner- 

 stone where the two lines of stepping-stones meet, or for the stone from 

 which we look down into the pond. But in the latter case the stone is 

 placed near the water at the end of the line. 



Getsuin-seki, No. 8, is a stone placed on the furthest hill. The name 

 signifies a moon in the cloud, for the stone is partly concealed from sight. 

 Or it is also called Mikoshi-ishi, a stone that is looked over, for it is 

 scarcely seen behind the rocks and trees that stand in front of it. Here 

 the place must have a gloomy appearance and solitary to the view. 



Yugyo-seki (the stones under which fishes take shelter), Nos. 9 and 10, 

 are so placed as to have a space underneath them. They stand in two 

 positions, the upper and the lower, as in the illustration, so giving a 

 peculiar appearance to the water's edge. From the stones by the cascade 

 to the stone No. 9, and from the stones that are placed by the end of the 

 bridge (Hashi-basami) to the stone No. 10, and downwards to the outlet 

 of water, the position of the stones is most important. Such is the dis- 

 tribution of the principal stones, which are arranged in formal style on 

 the artificial hills or by the pond. Many other stones are used, but they 

 are only supplementary to add to the beauty of the garden. Those of 

 them, however, which are worth mentioning are as follows : Hashibasami 

 (the stones that are placed by the ends of the bridge), Ishi-doro (a stone 

 lantern), Hiage-ishi (a step-stone for lighting the lantern), Chozubachi (a 

 stone basin in which one washes his hands), Mizutalaki (the small stones 

 in the hollow space in front upon which the water falls while washing), 

 Tsukubai-ishi (a round flat stone, where one stoops to wash his hands), 

 Mizuage-ishi (a step-stone for filling the basin with water), &c. 



Shoshin-boku, No. 1, is a big tree standing on the hill in the central 

 part of the garden. All other trees are planted so as to harmonise with 

 this one, and as this tree is the object or centre by which the other trees 

 are arranged, it is called Shoshin-boku (a middle tree). It may be an 

 Oak or Pine, but the latter is said to be better ; and it must be a big one, 

 too, for it is the tree of trees in the garden. 



Keiyo-boku, No. 2 (a tree that gives an attractive aspect to the garden), 

 is generally a Pine tree on the island in the pond. Another smaller tree 

 is also planted beside ; but it is only for supplement, whereas the Pine tree 

 standing in the middle gives a special beauty to the garden. So a tree 



o 2 



