564 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



machines the skin only is removed. By such means as these the skin is 

 removed without any unnecessary flesh as well, rings are of uniform 

 thickness, and whilst the work is done in less time with less labour, the 



TWO MACHINES FOR PARING, COKING, AND RINGING APPLES AT ONE OPERATION. 



FRFIT- PEELING MACHINE. 



turn-tarlf apple-parer. 



Fig. 154.— Typical Machines for Preparing Fruit. ! 



weight of pared fruit is greater, and the appearance is smoother and more 

 uniform. Any bruises or other blemishes are cut out by hand, as the 

 slightest imperfection sp?ils the appearance of the whole sample. 



Drying or Evaporating. 



The preservation of fruit by the removal of its watery contents is a 

 matter which has been practised as long indeed as fruit trees have been 

 planted. Up to a few years ago fruit drying was regarded as a secondary 

 business, especially with respect to Apples and Pears, and only small 



* I am indebted for the loan of Figs. 154 to 158 to Messrs. Lumley, who also lent 

 the actual machines for the demonstration. Figs. 159 to 164 are from Herr Week of 

 OeHingen, who also rendered similar service. 



