601 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



views, or, more properly speaking, distance views of landscape. Fig. 170 (a) 

 shows the common way of arranging the distances ; Fig. 170 (b) shows a 

 common, false way of developing them, already noted in broad views ; 

 Fig. 170 (c) shows the proper way to develop the distances, and how per- 

 spective laws greatly assist distances when the circumstances give proper 

 place for their utilisation. 



Fig. 170.— Development of Long Views : the Practical Results of 

 Development of Natural (Distances) Pictures. 



(a) Cutting system of arrangement, (a) Excrescence arrangement common 

 about London and elsewhere, (c) Natural ways of development, showing 

 the picture (length) of shade and light of all views. 



In examining the great laws of mass and distance, we find all landscape 

 impressions are given to the senses by one of these laws. Thus every 

 picture of land is commanded by one or both of these laws ; generally 

 both are displayed, one being subservient to the other. If the picture is 

 long the law of distance becomes the principal one, and the law of mass 



