662 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



intentionally indecent that it must have a religious significance. Possibly 

 it is associated with phallic worship. In Badi and Bawang the marriage 

 customs are very curious, and free love is more or less the rule. A girl 

 finds herself with child, and she decides upon the father. The man of her 

 decision may be as innocent as Adonis, but he has to accept and marry 

 her all the same. Maternity is always the ratification of marriage. A 

 ceremony is gone through and, in Badi, the girl goes to her mother's 

 home the next day, and in Bawang after a month has elapsed. She 

 returns and takes the man's name when a child is born. If there is no 

 child the matter is at an end. All the married women — that is, the mothers 

 — discard the fringe after the first child is born in favour of the ordinary 

 Tibetan clothing. These people are essentially agriculturists, and are also 

 good builders in brick and stone. They live in well-built houses, and 

 every village boasts one or more square or octagonal towers of many 

 stories — harbours of refuge and watch-towers in times of trouble. The 

 temples are well built, and chiefly remarkable for the disgustingly indecent 

 figures they contain. 



