NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



747 



fruit." It is added: "We have frequently found the bitter rot present 

 where no trace of cankered limbs could be found, and the cankered 

 limbs without the presence of bitter rot." Finally we are informed 

 that the " question has been referred to a number of the best specialists 

 on fruit diseases in the Atlantic Coast States, and without exception 

 they have so far reported that they have not observed that the ' cankers ' 

 are the source of the bitter-rot infection. The mummied fruits are 

 universally regarded as the chief source of primary infection." — M. G. C. 



Apples, Cordon Espalier. By Owen Thomas {Garden, No. 1723, 

 p. 369, 26/11/1904). — During recent years this system of training Apple 

 trees in gardens has gained much favour. It has many points to recom- 

 mend it. The most important ones are that, if the training wires are 

 fixed to run from north to south, the trees receive the full benefit of light 

 and sunshine, as well as free circulation of air among the branches — two 

 essential conditions to the successful growth of this or any other hardy 

 fruit. These conditions are not present to the same extent in a pyramid, 

 bush, or standard tree ; therefore fruit of larger size, better quality and 

 flavour, is obtained from Apple trees trained in this way than from any 

 other form. Another point in favour of the espalier is the fact that it 

 takes up but little room, and is therefore, for gardens of small extent 

 especially, to be recommended. — E. T. C. 



Apples, Dessert (Gard. Chron. No. 932, p. 314, figs. 140-145 

 inclusive ; Nov. 5, 1904). — A list of 102 varieties was sent out to 

 106 observers, asking them to vote for the six best dessert Apples. A table 

 is given showing the state of the poll, from which it will be seen that 

 ' Cox's Orange Pippin ' was easily at the top, followed by ' King of the 

 Pippins,' 'Worcester Pearmain,' ' Ribston Pippin,' 'Blenheim Orange,' 

 and ' Irish Peach.' An examination of the list will show the best 

 varieties for different districts. — G. S. S. 



Apples : What shall we Plant ? (Gard. Chron. No. 931, p. 297, 

 figs. 133-138 inclusive ; Oct. 29, 1904.) — A long list of Apples was sent 

 to 198 observers in various parts of the country, asking them to mark 

 what they considered were the best six cooking Apples ; a table is given of 

 the replies, from which it appears that for general purposes over the 

 whole country 'Lane's Prince Albert,' 'Warner's King,' 'Lord Suffield,' 

 1 Ecklinville Seedling,' ' Bramley's Seedling,' ' Dumelow's Seedling ' or 

 ' Wellington ' are the six best varieties, though for any particular 

 district some alteration may be required. — G. S. S. 



Apricot Blight. By Wendell Paddock (U.S.A. Agr. Exp. Stn. 

 Colorado, Bull. 84, Oct. 1903 ; 2 plates and cuts). — Attention was called 

 in the autumn of 1902 to an extensive disease in Apricots which was 

 thought to be an attack of Pear blight. In the following year the district 

 was visited again, when the disease was found in active condition, and 

 steps taken for its investigation. Microscopical examination showed that 

 the diseased parts of both twigs and fruit were swarming with bacteria, 

 and that these germs were abundant in the watery fluid appearing through 

 firm flesh of the fruits. 



