NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



769 



peripheral position of the pseudo-nucleoles, which may be seen split, as in 

 the mitotic spireme. An active share in metabolism is ascribed to them. 



M. H. 



Chrysanthemum : Mode of Strengthening- Flower Stalks. 



By A. Choulet (Rev. Hort. pp. 168-169, April 1, 1904),— An interesting 

 description of the process of root-shortening &c, which has the effect of 

 rendering the stalks stiff and capable of sustaining erect heavy flowers of 

 otherwise drooping habits.— C. T. D. 



Chrysanthemum ornatum. By W. B. H. (Bot. Mag. t. 7965).— 

 Native of Japan. Nat. ord. Compos itce ; tribe Anthemidcce. A branching 

 herb. Leaves with white felt below and on the margin ; flower-heads 

 loosely corymbose, with ray white and disk yellow ; heads J to 2 inches 

 diam. — G. H. 



Chrysanthemum Rust. By U. Brizi (Bull B. Soc. Tosc. On. 12, 

 p. 376, Nov. 1904). — This rust, Puccinia chrysanthemi Roze., appeared 

 about 1896, and was probably introduced from America, where it had 

 been long known and was not very injurious. Some regard it as of 

 Japanese origin. In 1897 almost all the collections in England and 

 France were infested by it. The English were the first to find successful 

 means of combating the pest. 



The rust appears on the lower surface of the leaf as very numerous 

 small pustules, which give rise to yellowish-brown summer-spores. At 

 the end of autumn the winter- spores appear, which infect the leaves next 

 year at the end of spring or summer. The better grown the plants, the 

 more liable they are to be attacked. 



In this case prevention is better than cure. 



When the leaves fall in autumn it is best to burn all which are the 

 least affected. In the spring a choice should be made of the healthy 

 cuttings. In the summer all affected leaves should be searched for and 

 removed. Application of a fungicide to both leaf- surfaces is recom- 

 mended. — W. C. W. 



Chrysanthemums, Best, List of about 300 (Rev. Hort. pp. 213- 

 216, May 1, 1901). — A classified list, compiled by the Chrysanthemum 

 section of the National Horticultural Society, in ten groups. — C. T. D. 



Chysis and their Culture. By W. H. W. (Orch. Rev. vol. xii. p. 

 124). — Useful information as to culture is given, and the various species 

 and hybrids are enumerated. — H. J. C. 



Cicadas in Kentucky. By H. Garman (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. 

 Kentucky, Bull. 107, May 1903 ; 7 figs.). — The author describes the 

 various kinds of locusts found in Kentucky, and gives an account of the 

 life-history of each. The injuries caused by the 17-year locusts to trees 

 are due to the sucking of the sap from roots by the nymphs, and to the 

 punctures made by the adult female in the twigs when she lays the eggs. 

 These cause the twigs to break off or the bark to split lengthwise, admit- 

 ting water and the spores of fungi, which results in decay. Various trees 

 are attacked, particularly Elm, Apple, Hickory, Oak, Hackberry, and Black 



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