NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



805 



the case is hopeless ; but scarcely 10 per cent, of the orchards were in this 

 state, even after the severe frosts of the winter of 1903-4. 



When the bark adheres, or is only partially separated, the chances for 

 recovery are good. And when it is not separated at all, and the cambium 

 appears alive, though water-soaked and injured, the trees will almost 

 invariably recover after moderate pruning, followed by good cultivation 

 and moderate fertilising. 



Pear orchards are less likely to recover than Peach and Plum trees, 

 but they are so much slower coming into bearing that pruning or even 

 cutting off below the snow-line, to admit of fresh shoots, should be 

 attempted before they are condemned altogether. — F. A. W. 



Fruit and Vegetable Industries. By W. H. Clarke (Agr. Gaz. 

 N.S.W. pp. 1183-1204, December 1901). — This is a lengthy article 

 tracing the fruit from the tree and the vegetables from the field through 

 all the ramifications of the business to the consumers' hands. The article 

 deals with "How the Fruit is grown and handled," "Concerning the 

 working of Orchards," "Transportation of the Fruit," "Impressions of 

 the Fruit Industry," " The Vegetable Industry," and "In the Market." 

 It is profusely illustrated. — H. G. C. 



Fumigation with Canna Leaves (Bev. Bort. p. 431, Sept. 16. 

 1904). — Dried stalks and leaves of Canna are stated to be equally 

 efficacious as Tobacco leaves for fumigation purposes. — C. T. D. 



Fung-us Diseases of Fruits in Michigan. By B. 0. Longyear 

 (U.S.A. Dep. Agr. Exp. Stn. Michigan, Bull. No. 25, March 1904 ; 42 

 woodcuts). — We can do little more than enumerate the principal of 

 the fruit diseases which are included in this bulletin. One of the most 

 prominent is " Apple scab," due to Fusicladium dendriticum. The 

 "bitter rot," caused by Gkeosporium fructigenum \ "black rot" or 

 Sphceropsis malorum, also capable of producing canker on Apple branches ; 

 " Fire-blight " ; " Pear scab " (Fusicladium) ; leaf -blight of Entomo- 

 sporium maculatum ; leaf-spot (Scptoria) ; Quince rust ; soft rot of fruits ; 

 pink mould on Apple following" scab " ; Peach yellows ; Peach leaf-curl ; 

 crown gall of Peach ; Peach scab (Cladosporium) ; black knot on Plum and 

 Cherry ; brown rot (Monilia) ; Plum pockets, sh t-hole fungus (Cylindro- 

 sporium) ; gummosis of stone fruits, powdery mildew of Cherry ; black rot 

 of the Grape (Guignardia) ; downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) ; powdery 

 mildew (Uncinula spiralis) ; anthracnose (Glceosporimn) ; Currant diseases 

 such as leaf-spot (Septoria) and anthracnose (Glceosporium) ; Gooseberry 

 rust, and powdery mildew ; the Orange rust of Raspberry and Blackberry 

 (Gaoma luminatum) ; anthracnose of Raspberry, Raspberry-cane blight 

 (Coniothyrium) ; Strawberry -leaf disease (SphcErella) ; and finally of wound 

 fungi, with formulae of fungicides and hints on spraying. — M. G. C. 



Fungus-spores, Effect of Exhalations from Plants on Germi- 

 nation of. By F. W. Neger (Nat. Zeit. Land-Forst. ii. pp. 484-490 , 

 1904). — The author has made numerous experiments on the germination 

 of spores of Bulgaria polymorpha on various substrata ; the results are of 

 interest to the mycologist. The spores were sown in water or in 



