818 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



inites, and a good wash is made by boiling 1 lb. of flowers of sulphur and 

 2 lb. of fresh lime in I gallons of water." 



If it is inconvenient to boil the wash, the need for this may be avoided 

 by using sulphuret of lime, 4 oz. of the sulphuret and 2 oz. of soft soap 

 being mixed and added to a gallon of hot water. The spraying may be 

 repeated. — B. N. 



Insect Enemies and Fungous Diseases of Fruits and Spraying- 

 Calendar (U.S.A. Agr. Exp. Stn. Michigan, 1904, Bull. 216; a brief 

 review of special bulletins, 24, 25, and 26). — Apple. No serious fungous 

 injury to roots. Woolly aphis attacks roots, use tobacco dust or wood ashes, 

 dip young trees either in water at 130° F., kerosene emulsion, or tobacco 

 water before planting. The bark is attacked by oyster-shell bark-louse, 

 eccentric scale, San Jose scale, scurfy bark-louse. Two borers affect the 

 trunk of Apple and Pear, and one the Peach, remedied by a stiff pin, a knife, 

 and a wash of soap or sal-soda. The branches are attacked by Apple scab, 

 canker, black rot, twig blight, fire blight, buffalo tree-hopper, and Apple- 

 twig borer. The leaves are attacked by three fungous diseases, and sixteen 

 species of insects feed on them. The fruit is attacked by at least six 

 different species of fungi, including bitter and ripe rot ; three species attack 

 the fruit. These fungoid and insect attacks are very largely avoided by early, 

 frequent, and judicious spraying with Paris green and Bordeaux mixture. 



Pear. — Six insects affect the bark, two the trunk, one the branches, 

 seven the leaves, and three the fruit. The fungous diseases attack 

 principally the leaves and fruit and newer and more tender twigs. 

 The fruit suffers more keenly from disease than the Apple. 



Quince. — Has some fungous diseases all its own, diseases very injurious 

 if not fatal to the plant, but of a kind, with two exceptions, yielding 

 readily to judicious spraying. 



Peach. — Suffers most from the 1 yellows ' and ' little peach,' the nature 

 of which is not understood and the remedy not forthcoming, therefore 

 destroy every affected tree. The roots of the Peach are attacked by a 

 fungus disease allied to the fungus, called Crown Gall, and by an insect 

 which bores into the roots ; then follow thirteen insects that attack bark, 

 trunk, limbs ; and leaves ; the fungi that injure the leaf include the leaf- 

 curl, mildew, shot-hole fungus, and leaf-spot. The fruit must be protected 

 against the brown rot, scab, rust, mildew, brown spot, and even against 

 codlin moth and Plum curculio. 



Plum. — Has almost as many enemies as the Peach ; shot hole fungus 

 affects its leaves, and the brown rot its fruit. It has some diseases of its 

 own, as gummosis of the limbs, Plum pockets in the fruit and twigs, and 

 the curculio and gouger in the fruit. Its leaves suffer from the tent 

 caterpillar, canker-worm, bud moth caterpillar, and Rose chafer. 



Cherry diseases are similar to those of other stone fruits, scale on bark, 

 buprestid in trunk, black knot of the limbs, same diseases and insects on 

 leaves and fruit, with the addition of Cherry-fruit fly and Cherry-leaf 

 beetle and slug. 



The spraying calendar tabulates, under the name of each fruit, the 

 time to spray and what material to apply, giving full directions as to the 

 preparation of the spraying combinations — C. II. II. 



