856 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



more nutritious, and that bread made from the meal has a high nutritive 

 value.— C. H. C. 



Peas : Sur une Maladie des Pois causee par le Cladosporium 

 herbarum. Par M. E. Lasnier (Bull. Soc. Myc. France (1904), xx. 

 p. 236 ; pi. 12). — This communication refers to a disease of cultivated 

 Peas observed in Italy in 1891, and afterwards the parasite was described 

 by Briosi and Cavara (Funghi Paras. Plantes cult. Fasc. x. No. 241) 

 under the name of Cladosporium pisi. It then records the appearance of 

 a similar disease in France, which was caused by Cladosporium herbarum, 

 and hints that the parasite may be the same. The mould produced 

 brown spots on the stems, leaves, and fruits of the cultivated Pea. 

 Artificial infection showed that the Cladosporium was the cause of the 

 disease in living plants. G rmination of the conidia produced the form 

 Hormodcndron. It was observed that germination was either retarded or 

 prevented in a solution of sulphate of copper. It is remarked that it is 

 of interest to have discovered that a mould hitherto considered as a mere 

 saprophyte should under certain conditions be proved to be a veritable 

 parasite. — M. C. C. 



Peas, Swelling- Of canned. By H. A. Harding and J. F. Nicholson 

 (U.S.A. Agr. Exp. Stn. Geneva, N.Y., Bull. 249, March 1901).— The value 

 of Peas canned in New York State in 1900 was estimated at $1,473, 912. 

 Swelling of the canned Peas is the occasion of much loss. This is brought 

 about by certain species of bacteria, of which the spores have survived 

 the heating process. On this occasion an outbreak occurred in a large 

 factory. The cans were bulged, in some cases the side seams gave way, 

 in others the tops were blown off, scattering the contents, whilst the Peas 

 emitted a disagreeable stench tinged with the odour of hydrogen sulphide. 

 A microscopical examination showed that there were large numbers of 

 bacteria present in the juice. A plump rod-like form, having swollen ends, 

 was in many cases the only form to be found in the swelled cans. In the 

 outbreak studied, 240° F. for thirty minutes was found to be sufficient to 

 destroy this germ when present in the cans in large numbers. The 

 temperature has since been used by the factory with great success. 

 Except under unusual conditions this amount of heating does not injure 

 the commercial value of the Peas. — M. C. C. 



Peach Diseases. By A. D. Selby (U.S.A. Dep. Agr. Exp. Stn. Ohio, 

 Bull. No. 148 ; Feb. 1904 ; 7 plates). — The facts are here recorded 

 concerning a series of leaf-curl outbreaks for the past eleven years in 

 Northern Ohio, and proceeds to set forth the weather conditions with 

 respect to temperature and rainfall. The prevalence of leaf-curl has been 

 associated with low temperatures and rainy days during April, May, and 

 June. When these months have been warm and fairly bright the amount 

 of leaf-curl has been reduced to almost nothing. 



One spraying of Bordeaux mixture in the spring, before the opening of 

 the blossoms, continues to prove effective in the prevention of leaf-curl. 

 In the light of eight years' experience orchardists are again warned that 

 neglect to spray is liable to be followed by total loss of crop, and injury to 

 trees by leaf-curl attack. 



