890 JOURNAL 01- THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



P. maritima for Europe. Robinia Pseud-acacia and Alnus glutinosa 

 appear also to be thoroughly adapted to the conditions at Cape Cod, and 

 the plan is to extend the hitherto restricted plantations of these two 

 species. 



These plantations once established, the introduction of the choicer 

 forest trees may follow in due course. — 21. L. H. 



Sand-Steppes, Servian. By Lujo Adaniovic {Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 

 xxxiii. March 1904, pp. 555-617 ; 5 plates). — The writer describes the result 

 of trips made in the end of May and the beginning of July. He gives an 

 account of the area of the steppes, the history of their development, the 

 nature of the climatic and biologic conditions which prevail, and the 

 character of the flora and plant formations. — A. B. B. 



Sap, Ascent of, in Plants. By Prof. Dr. A. Ursprung (Beih. Bot. 

 Cent, xviii. Abt. i. pp. 147-158). — Shows that the living cells of stems 

 and petioles do assist in the ascent of water, and points out how the 

 contrary opinion of Strasburger and Schwendener cannot be maintained. 



The experiments (Primula petioles, Phaseolus, Hedera, and Fagus 

 stems) consisted in killing by steam portions of the stem or petiole, when 

 it was invariably found that the leaves withered and dropped off, although 

 by microscopical examination it was clear that the vessels were not closed. 



G. F. S.-E. 



Sap-flow. See Maple. 



Sap in Trees, Ascent of, in Relation to the Dynamic Action 

 of Internal Differences of Tension in Liquids. By C. Steinbrinck 

 (Flora, xciii. 1904, pp. 127-154 ; 7 cuts). — The author draws attention to 

 the fact, too much neglected by physicists, that the internal tension of 

 liquids is an important factor in the action of a syphon, whi.h will work 

 even if the shorter column has a greater downward pressure than an 

 atmosphere, so long as the column is uninterrupted. He uses this as a 

 ground for supporting and extending Dixon's well-known theory of the 

 sucking action of the transpiring leaf- cells and its transmission through 

 the plant. — 21. H. 



Saprolegnieae, On Fertilisation in the. By A. H. Trow {Ann. 

 Bot. xviii. October 1904, pp. 541-569 ; 3 plates). — Achlya polyandra 

 and A. De Baryana were the species investigated. The conclusion is 

 arrived at that both species are sexual. In the case of A. De Baryana 

 the author traces the entry of the sperm-nucleus into the oosphere, and 

 also the fusion of the male and female nuclei to form the zygote-nucleus. 



Whilst admitting that some Saprolegniece are obviously apogamous, 

 the author believes that other species besides the ones he has already 

 examined will prove to be sexual. — A. D. C. • 



Sauromatum brevipes. By J. D. H. {Bot. Mag. t. 79 10). — Native 

 of Sikkiin, Himalaya. Nat. ord. Aroidece ; tribe Arinece. This has a 

 small tuber. The spathe is ampulla'form, quite entire, pale yellowish- 

 green, faintly spotted with rose, globose below, with an arching limb 

 4 to 0 inches long. The spadix has a long slender extremity, purple 

 below and yellow above. — G. 11. 



