900 JOURNAL OF THE EOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



The author believes his results confirm the essential features of the 

 heterotype division phenomena described by Farmer and Moore. The 

 paper concludes with a discussion in connection with Mendelian hybrids. 



A. D. C. 



Spraying'. By A. E. Steine (U.S.A. Agr. Exp. Stn. Rhode Island, 

 Bull. 100). — A comprehensive list of materials to use for fungoid and 

 insect injury of fruits and vegetables, with advice as to procedure, 

 illustrated by photographs, spraying in the college orchard, types of 

 nozzles and gipsy moth. The following are some of the newer or less 

 well-known spraying compounds : — 



Soda Bordeaux mixture, consisting of copper sulphate 4 lb., com- 

 mercial caustic soda sufficient to make mixture alkaline, or from 1 lb. 

 2 oz. to 1 lb. 8 oz., according to strength. Water to make 50 gallons. 

 This can be used on ripening fruit, as it does not stain it, or for the same 

 purpose a weak copper sulphate solution may be used on trees in foliage 

 and when the fruit is ripening. 



Copper sulphate (1 lb. to 200-400 gallons). — For Peaches and Japan 

 Plums, the solution with 400 gallons should be used. This solution is 

 designed to take the place of ammoniacal copper carbonate, and is much 

 cheaper. 



Arsenate of lead is advocated as being entirely harmless to all plants 

 at any strength, being perfectly insoluble in water ; the particles are very 

 fine and remain in suspension in the spraying tank for a long time ; its 

 mechanical structure also causes it to adhere better to the foliage and 

 reduces the necessary number of sprayings. Dissolve 4 oz. arsenate of 

 soda in half a gallon of water in a wooden pail, and 11 oz. acetate of lead 

 in 1 gallon water in another wooden pail (hot water is preferable in both 

 cases). Pour the arsenate of soda solution into the lead solution, stir and 

 add from 40 to 50 gallons of water. 



Arsenite of lime is one of the cheapest insecticides obtainable, and if 

 well prepared is safe for most plants. II is superior to Paris-green in 

 that it remains easily in suspension, cosis only about one quarter as 

 much, and is equally efficient. Boil 1 lb. white arsenic and 2 lb. stone 

 lime in 2 gallons water for 40 or 50 minutes. This solution may be 

 added to 150 to 300 gallons of water for spraying. As an extra pre- 

 caution in making up the spraying solution, slake one pound of lime 

 dilute to a thin whitewash and add the arsenite of lime, then dilute to 

 the required strength. 



Bisulphide of carbon. — Though dangerous to men and very explosive, 

 if great care is taken it may be used for fumigating storerooms of grain 

 seed or clothing, one pint of the liquid to each 1,000 cubic feet. To 

 destroy ants and insects parasitic on roots and other underground parts of 

 plants, small holes may be made where the insects are known to be, and a 

 small quantity of the liquid poured in, covering the holes with moist 

 earth to confine the fumes. 



Poisoned bait. — Cut worms (surface caterpillars) may be caught by 

 scattering about the field, preferably just before planting, the following 

 mixture : Mix thoroughly 1 oz. Paris-green or white arsenic with 3 oz. 

 bran. If to be used after the plants have begun to grow, moisten the 



