902 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



adding Paris-green the young Apples become coated with it, and this 

 poisons the larva) of the codlin moth as soon as it emerges from the egg 

 and begins to eat its way into the Apple. The third spraying, with com- 

 bined fungicide and insecticide, should be made when the Apples are 

 about the size of small Crab Apples. The Paris-green is to poison any 

 leaf-eating insects that might chance to be on the foliage. 



The Bordeaux mixture for the first two sprayings should be at the 

 rate of 5 lb. copper sulphate to 5 lb. fresh lime ; that for the third and 

 fourth applications, 3 lb. copper sulphate to 4 lb. lime. 



The fourth and last application should be made when the fruit is 

 three-quarters grown, consisting of Bordeaux mixture and Paris-green. 

 If the season should be very rainy and the fungicide washed off shortly 

 after application, extra applications should be made in order to prevent 

 the appearance of the disease. It is well known that diseases are 

 more prevalent during wet than during dry seasons. If late spraying 

 become necessary, use ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate, as it 

 does not discolour the fruit to any appreciable extent. The same methods 

 used in preventing Apple scab are used to prevent brown rot on Plums 

 and Peaches. 



Apple scab spores are believed to remain on the trees during the 

 winter. At first the appearance of the disease is not noticeable, but it 

 soon spreads over the leaves and fruit, causing dark greenish spots almost 

 regular in outline ; these spots gradually assume a brownish-black colour 

 about the time when the fungus fruits. The disease disfigures and to some 

 extent dwarfs the fruit, it also lowers the vitality of the tree by impairing 

 the leaf area. 



Broivn Rot in Plums (Monilia fructigena) is the most serious fungoid 

 disease affecting the Plum, attacking young twigs, blossoms and fruit. It 

 first appears on the fruit in the form of brownish spots, not larger than a 

 pin's head : these spots spread very rapidly, and in a short time they 

 extend over the entire surface of the fruit, which soon changes to an ashy- 

 grey colour, and produces a large number of spores. The infestation is 

 believed to be carried on by spores from the mummified fruit, which is 

 allowed to remain on the tree or fallen on the ground ; these should be 

 gathered up and burned. Free circulation of air and sunshine is recom- 

 mended. 



Potassmm sulphide (liver of sulphur) at | oz. to 1 gallon water, used 

 fresh, is quite effective against mildew on Gooseberries, Grapes, and Cur- 

 rants, also against damping off of vegetable plants. The mixture does not 

 discolour the fruit, and may be used where Bordeaux mixture would be 

 objectionable. • 



Spraying in full Bloom. — Spraying just after the blossoms have 

 opened is injurious if the spraying mixture comes into contact with the 

 pollen or stigma of the flower ; but spraying is not injurious to the setting 

 of the fruit after a few days of full bloom, since it requires only two or 

 three days at the most for the pollen to fertilise, and spraying after this 

 is done would not injure or decrease the number of fruit set. One spray- 

 ing in full bloom did not injure more than about 5 per cent, of the total 

 number of blossoms, while two successive applications reduced the number 

 to 25 per cent. One application thoroughly done in full bloom may 



