918 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Trees and Shrubs, Ornamental. By C. B. Waldron (U.S.A. Agr. 

 Exp. Stn. N. Dakota, Bull. 59, 1904).— The average lawn requires but 

 few large trees, and these will ordinarily be at the sides and rear. Small 

 compact trees and shrubs give a better effect, and these should be arranged 

 so as not to break up the open effect in front nor interfere with good 

 views from the house. 



Planting in irregular masses about the boundaries of the place and 

 close against the house, leaving a free open expanse of lawn between, will 

 give the best results. The Cut-leaved Weeping Birch, Mountain Ash, Blue 

 Spruce and Black Hills Spruce are specially adapted for lawn planting. 



Of ornamental shrubs the common and Persian Lilac, Snowball, 

 Tartarian Honeysuckle, Barberry, Red Dogwood, Burning Bush, Ninebark, 

 Spircea (VanhoiUtei), June Berry, Choke Cherry, Buckthorn, Whitethorn, 

 Buffalo Berry, Golden Currant, Elder Berry (black), Red-berried Elder, 

 Sumach, and the Rugosa Roses are all easily grown and very ornamental. 



They should be grown for the most part in clumps or masses, close 

 about the porch and sides of the house, to relieve the bareness of the 

 building, arid also where walks diverge or curve, or against the larger 

 trees, to hide the trunks. Shrubs give a rich and soft aspect that cannot 

 be attained by other forms of planting. 



Next follows a description of the system of forming ordinary and 

 ornamental hedges, with description of suitable plants. In trimming, 

 the branches are topped off by quick upward strokes. The trimming 

 may be done any time in the summer, not later than the last of July, 

 or the last thing before winter sets in. Trimming in late summer causes 

 a new growth to start that is likely to be winter-killed. The older 

 branches in a hedge, as they begin to get scraggy, may be cut out entirely, 

 and sometimes it is necessary to cut the whole hedge back to the ground 

 to get a new healthy growth. — C. H. H. 



Trees, Forest, in North Dakota. By C. B. Waldron (U.S.A. 

 Agr. Exp. Stn. North Dakota, Bull. 59, 1901). — Forests are one of 

 the great' conserving elements of Nature, preventing the waste and wear 

 of the fertile elements of the soil caused by wind and water ; they are 

 grown for shelter, ornament, timber, or fuel. About 10 species of trees 

 can be grown in North Dakota. For planting groves and shelter belts, 

 seedling trees, from one and a half to two feet high, are most satisfactory, 

 purchased at 18s. to 21.9. per thousand, or trees that have been transplanted 

 in the nursery at from 42s. to 84s. per hundred. 



In planting, a deep open furrow is ploughed out and a line marked at 

 intervals of four feet stretched along the furrow. One man passes along 

 the line, holding the trees in position, while a man on either side shovels 

 the earth about the roots. Then the earth is trod very firmly about each 

 tree. The trees are planted as early in the spring as the soil will allow. 



Trees prefer a mellow, moist soil ; hard dry soil, especially if grass and 

 weeds are allowed to grow, is inimical. 



Soil must lie kept constantly cultivated until such time as the trees 

 by their own shade supply the conditions under which they will thrive. 

 Quick-growing trees in suitable soil, two by four feet apart and kept well 

 cultivated will make forest cover in three years. 



