NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



929 



it, bread can be made of it superior in every point but that of whiteness 

 to any made of ordinary Wheat. 



This bulletin is therefore chiefly concerned in recommending Durum 

 Wheat flour to the ordinary consumer, though it is still a matter of concern 

 to the Department that a native macaroni industry should be built up, 

 and that the United States should even, in time, find itself in a position 

 to export semolina to the Continental macaroni manufacturers. To add 

 to the popularity of macaroni as an article of food in America, a number 

 of tried European recipes are given for dishes made from it, spaghetti, and 

 semolina. 



An experiment was carried out by the Department and a large whole- 

 sale bakery, by which 250 loaves were made of Durum flour and 250 

 from ordinary hard winter Wheat flour, and one of each was forwarded 

 to a number of persons whose opinion in the matter was of value, with a 

 printed form asking for their views on the relative merits of the two loaves. 

 The answers showed a balance of opinion of about 108 to 74 in favour of 

 the Durum W T heat loaf. 



Tables are given of the results of analyses of the chemical contents of 

 Durum Wheat flour as compared with hard spring Wheat, hard winter 

 Wheat, and soft winter Wheat, from which it appears that the flour made 

 from Durum Wheat grown in an unfavourable season, which in this case 

 means a wet one, is still equal to other hard Wheat flour in protein ash 

 and sugar content, and superior to that from soft Wheat ; while in a 

 normal season these contents are considerably higher in Durum Wheat 

 flour than in any other kind. — M. L. H. 



Wheat, Variety Tests Of. By George C. Watson and A. K. Risser 

 (Agr. Exp. Stn. Pennsylvania, Bull. 67, April 1904). — Every year the 

 station tests a certain number of new varieties in order to compare their 

 productiveness with that of old varieties which have been long in cultiva- 

 tion. 



To this end some varieties have been grown on the test plots as long 

 as fourteen years. 



Different dates for sowing were tried in order to avoid the damage 

 done by the Hessian fly, but only partial success was recorded, so much 

 depending on the season. The English sparrow did even more damage 

 than the insect. A practicable remedy is desirable. — C. H. C. 



White Pine in New England, The Planting* of. By H. B. 



Kempton (U.S.A. Dep. Agr. Bur. For., Bull. 45). — Mainly as a practical 

 investment, an examination of the existing White Pine plantations of the 

 East was made, with careful surveys, in 1901. 



As a result it was found advisable largely to increase the area of 

 ground under this species, it being found a suitable tree, not only for the 

 State plantations, but for the private landowner as well. There is a wide 

 range of soils on which it will succeed, but its particular value would be 

 on the sandy, barren, and seaside dunes that are so commonly met with 

 in New England. The numerous tables showing the growth of the White 

 Pine under various conditions are interesting, while the plates convey a 

 good idea of what is wanting in the text. — A. D. W. 



p p 



