272 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



foliage are valuable for shubbery borders, beds, or groups in woodland 

 walks. When planting the white-barked brambles, eight or ten plants 

 should be grouped together to get the best effect. 



A selection with attractive stems in winter are : R. biflorus, 

 R. quinqueflorus, R. Geraldianus, R. lasiostylus, R. mesogaeus, and 

 R. tibetanus ( Veitchii). Evergreen trailing species are R. bambusarum, 

 R. flagelliflorus, R. Parkeri, R. Play f air ianus, and R. Swinhoei. The 

 best of the deciduous species are R. Geraldianus and R. tibetanus 

 (Veitchii).— H. R. D. 



Breeding, Heterozygosis in. By East and Hayes (U.S.A. Dep. 

 Agr., Bull 243, 58 pp. ; 8 pi.). — A valuable study of the increased 

 vigour often seen in hybrids, and a study of its possibilities in com- 

 mercial culture as a means of augmenting crops. It is pointed out 

 that in breeding naturally cross-fertilized species gives the same 

 result and is due to the same cause, viz. heterozygosis. 



Tobacco and Maize are mainly dealt with, but a discussion of the 

 historical and theoretical aspects generally is included. A bibliography 

 and index are included. — E. A. Bd. 



Burgundy Mixture, How to prepare. By M. Cochet-Cochet 

 (Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr., ser. iv., xiii. p. 266 ; May 1912). — For use 

 on Roses Burgundy mixture is said to be a great improvement on 

 Bordeaux mixture. It is prepared as follows : 



Water . . . 100 litres 



Sulphate of copper 2,000 grammes 



Carbonate of soda 1,500 grammes. 

 Take a perfectly clean wooden barrel capable of holding 110 litres. 

 Pour in 50 measured litres of water. Put the sulphate of copper in 

 a thin cloth or an old basket and suspend it in the barrel so that it 

 is just covered by the water. In a few minutes the sulphate will be 

 dissolved. Dissolve the carbonate of soda in the other 50 litres of water 

 and pour gently into the barrel, stirring constantly. If all the ingre- 

 dients are pure the mixture should be neutral or at least slightly 

 alkaline. This purity cannot, however, always be relied on, and the 

 mixture should be tested with an alcoholic solution of phenol-phthalein 

 for excess of acid. If this is present it should be neutralized by the 

 addition of more carbonate of soda. — M. L. H. 



Cabbage and Related Crops, Diseases of. By L. L. Harter (U.S.A. 

 Dep. Agr., Farmers' Bull. 488; 1912). — The author devotes several 

 pages as to the manner in which the various diseases, both bacterial 

 and fungoid, are disseminated, by insects, infected seed, transplanting 

 from infected seed beds, drainage water, manure, compost, animals, 

 and wind. 



He urges preventive measures rather than curative measures, 

 such as sterilization of seed and soil with f ormalin. For the soil drench 

 he prescribes 1 part formalin in 100 or 200 of water, applied at the rate 



