2gO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



been able to supply the agriculturists of Europe. The writer presses 

 for an international agreement, which will make some sort of certi- 

 ficate of indemnity from disease necessary before any seed grain may 

 be exported from one country to another. — M. L. H. 



Juniper, Preliminary Notes on Three Rots of. By G. G. Hedgcock 

 and W. H. Long (Mycologia, iv. pp. 109-114 ; May 1912 ; plates). — 

 The characteristics and effects of three rots of Junipers are given, the 

 fungi causing them being described and micro-chemical studies detailed. 

 The rots are : * White rot,' due to Fotnes juniperinus, attacking 

 Juniper us virginiana ; ' Yellow rot,' due to Forties Earlei, attacking 

 /. monosperma, J. utahensis and /. sabinoides ; and ' Stringy brown 

 rot,' due to Fomes texanus, attacking the same three species. — F. J. C. 



Juniper, Utah, in Central Arizona. By Frank J. Phillips and 

 Walter Mulford (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., For. Serv., Circ. 197 ; June 8, 

 1912). — Although of ornamental aspect, the Utah Juniper is valued 

 mainly for the production of cordwood and fencing posts. The 

 average yield in well-managed woods of this Juniper is about 662 

 cubic feet, or, roughly speaking, 10 cords of firewood an acre. The 

 growth of this Juniper is exceedingly crooked, and it usually forks 

 at a little above ground level. — A. D. W. 



Laburnums. By D. (Garden, p. 229, May 11, 1912). — The two 

 commoner kinds occupy, with the double-flowering Thorns, the most 

 important position among the smaller flowering trees, for there are few 

 places where they will not grow and flower well. The wood is orna- 

 mental and takes a high polish, and is sometimes used for turning or 

 inlaying. 



L. alpinum, the Scotch Laburnum, grows 20 to 25 feet ; it flowers 

 towards the end of May, two or three weeks later than L. vulgare. 

 Varieties are : autumnalis, which often produces a second crop of flowers 

 in autumn ; biferum, with divided leaflets ; fragrans; with sweet-scented 

 blossoms ; hirsutum and pilosum, with hairy leaves. 



L. vulgare, the common Laburnum, usually 15 to 18 feet, often 

 25 feet or more. It flowers in early May. The more showy varieties 

 are Alschingeri, Carlieri, Jacquinianum, and Linneanum. Foliis aureis 

 has yellowish leaves ; involutum, monstrosum, cristatum, and querci folium 

 have more or less deformed or abnormal foliage ; sessilifolium is interest- 

 ing, its leaves often being sessile, a peculiarity which is not constant. 



L. caramanicum, a curious shrubby plant from Asia Minor; is rather 

 like a Cytisus and flowers at the end of August or in early September. 



L. Adami originated 80 years ago as a graft hybrid between 

 L. vulgare and Cytisus purpureus, the former having been used as the 

 stock. 



L. Parkeri, a hybrid between L. alpinum and L. vulgare ; its 

 inflorescences are sometimes a foot long. 



L. Water eri, of the same parentage, is a glorified Scotch Laburnum. 



H. R. D. 



