298 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Peach Leaf-Curl. By Errett Wallace and H. H. Whetzel ( U.S. A. 

 Exp. Stn., Cornell, Bull. 276; April 1910). — Peach leaf-curl (Exoascus 

 deformans) can be controlled by spraying about one month before the 

 buds begin to swell in spring. 



If by any chance the spraying has been delayed until the buds 

 have begun to swell, care should be taken to spray, if possible, before 

 long periods of cold rain. 



Bordeaux mixture 5-5-50 to 3-4-50, and self-boiled lime sulphur 

 wash have proved very effective, if the spray is applied to the trees 

 when they are dormant. — D. M. C. 



Pear, New. By Arnold Furst (Rev. Hort. Beige, No. 3, p. 47, 

 Feb. 1, 1912 ; plate). — A new pear — ' Calabasse Mme. Charles Furst ' — 

 a cross between ' Calabasse Carafon ' and ' Doyenn6 du Cornice ' — is said 

 to be a valuable variety, bearing fruit remarkable both for quality 

 and quantity. — M. L. H. 



Pears, Apples, Quinces, &c, Fire Blight of. By H. H. Whetzel 



and V. B. Stuart (U.S.A. Exp. Sin., Cornell, Dep. PI. Path., Bull. 272).— 

 A bacterial disease due to Bacillus amylovorus, which has been known 

 in America since 1881, but so far has not been recorded in Europe. 

 In America it is one of the most serious diseases that pip fruit 

 growers have to contend with. The disease attacks the blossom, which 

 shrivels and falls, also the fruit, leaves, and stems, causing cankers 

 in the last-named part of the tree in which the bacillus hibernates. 

 The bacteria are carried from tree to tree and introduced into blossoms 

 and growing shoots by insects of various kinds. M. B. Waite has 

 proved that flies and wasps carry the bacteria from oozing cankers 

 to opening blossoms and from these to others. The leaves turn black 

 and hang on the trees through the winter. 



It has been definitely shown that no sprays are effective in 

 protecting the trees from the disease. It can only be controlled by 

 destroying all sources of infection by (1) cutting out all cankers down 

 to healthy tissues and removing diseased bark. 



(2) Disinfecting all cuts with corrosive sublimate T oVo- 



(3) Making regular inspections at least once a week, as soon as the 

 blossoms begin to fall, and breaking out all diseased blossom spurs. 



(4) Cutting out all blighted twigs, shoots, and water sprouts, &c. 

 All diseased portions should be carefully burnt. — D. M. C. 



Peat- Water, Poisonous Effect of. By George B. Rigg (Boi. Gaz., 

 pp. 314-326 ; April 1913). — The author used various solutions of 

 bog-water from Puget Sound and neighbourhood to test the supposed 

 poisonous effect. 



He found that Ledum groenlandicum, Kalmia glauca, and also on 

 other authority that Oxy coccus and Vaccinium corymbosum have no 

 root hairs. Larix laricina has also roots " composed of mycorhiza." 



Growing cuttings of Tradescantia in bog-water, he found that 



