NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



459 



Two kinds of spores are known, conidia given off from more or 

 less branched conidiophores, which grow out from the stromata the 

 first year, and asci containing black ascospores which are formed in 

 the stromata the following April- June. 



The fungus is a wound parasite. 



The preventives suggested in this circular are : — 



(i.) Burn all diseased wood. 



(ii.) Prevent cut surfaces from drying out by applying asphaltum 

 or some other substance which will form a layer over the surface. 



(iii.) Spray trunks and large branches as well as leaves and branches 

 when spraying for scab. 



(iv.) Grub up badly diseased trees. It is not sufficient to cut them 

 down, as the fungus can spread to the roots, but cannot form stromata 

 below the surface of the soil. — D. M. C. 



Apple Leaf Spot (Jour. Bd. Agr. vol. xx., No. 6, pp. 513-515 ; 

 plate). — The disease caused by Sphaeropsis malorum, Peck, which 

 attacks the leaves, fruits, and branches of apples, pears, and quinces, 

 is described, and preventive measures are suggested. — A. S. 



Apple, Powdery Mildew of (Podosphaera leucotricha) . By 

 C. F. Cole (Jour. Agr. Vict., Sept. 1912). — If discovered in its early 

 stage, spray at once with Bordeaux mixture or lime-sulphur wash. 

 If in an advanced stage, cut away diseased parts and burn, following 

 by spraying with either of the already-named fungicides. Flowers of 

 sulphur or freshly slaked lime will destroy this pest if dusted on as 

 soon as detected in its early stages of development. — C. H. H. 



Apple Trees, Spraying of. By J. Hughes (Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. 

 vol. xxiii. pp. 719-722). — When spraying for woolly aphis with red 

 oil, mix with hot water and use warm. Apply immediately the leaf 

 has fallen, and again just before the tree breaks into bud For codling 

 moth spray with lead arseniate when go per cent, of the blossom has 

 fallen. Repeat three and seven weeks respectively after the first 

 application. — S. E. W. 



Asparagus. By R. W. Peacock (Agr. Gaz. N.S.W., vol. xxiii. 

 pp. 707-712 ; 4 figs.). — Asparagus does best on sandy loam, rich in 

 vegetable matter, in a sunny position. An annual dressing of well- 

 rotted farmyard manure in autumn is necessary. Old-established 

 roots may be cut for ten weeks. When the cutting is finished, apply 

 250 lb. sodium nitrate, 400 lb. superphosphate, and 150 lb. potassium 

 chloride to the acre. Common salt is little used by commercial 

 growers. — S. E. W. 



Aster Purdomii (Bot. Mag. tab. 8476).— China. Family Com- 

 positae, tribe Asteroideae. Herb, 6 inches high. Leaves radical, 

 ovate-elliptic, inch long. Flower-head 2J inches across. 



Ray-florets about 40, pale violet. Disk-florets pale yellow. — G. H. 



2 H 2 



