510 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



the sand than in the soil cultures ; but relative transpiration was 

 greatest in soil cultures, and less in solutions than in sand cultures. 



G. F. S. E. 



Trees for Parks and Gardens. By G. Heick (Gartenflora, vol. 

 lxii. pt. viii. pp. 176-180). — Juniperus communis, Ilex Aquifolium, 

 and Euonymus europaeus are recommended for a place in the park 

 and garden. — 5. E. W. 



Tropaeolum Hybrids. By H. Fischer (Gartenflora, vol. lxii., 

 pt. xii. pp. 278-282 ; 1 plate). — The seed of Tropaeolum pinnatum 

 (a hybrid of T. minus and T. peregrinum) yields two types of flowers, 

 viz. bimaculalum with red markings and luteum, as well as some dwarf 

 forms. The hybrids produce masses of flowers, but very little seed. 

 They can easily be increased from cuttings. The fertility of these 

 plants can be increased by increasing the amount of carbonic acid 

 in the atmosphere in which they are grown. — S. E. W. 



Umbelliferae, Mechanical System of. By George Funk (Beih. 

 Bot. Cent. Bd. 29, Abt. 1, Heft, 2, pt. 219-297; 5 plates). — The author 

 describes in full detail the general system of mechanical support 

 in the leaf and stem of this Family. He shows how the various cell- 

 forms are connected, and explains the location of the mechanical 

 tissues. The degree of dorsiventrality to be found in the rays of the 

 umbels shows much variation. He thinks that the cause of dorsi- 

 ventral structure is to be found in the effect of light and gravity. 



In Daucus, Oenanthe, and Chaerophyllum, only one side of the 

 main stem shows woody thickening of the subepidermal collenchyma, 

 which is analogous to the tension and pressure sides (due to storm) 

 of the outside trees in a fir plantation. The author examined also 

 the differences in mechanical structure found in individuals grown in 

 different habitats and of the various species of one genus. He finds 

 a competition for the outside situation (under the epidermis) between 

 the assimilatory and the strengthening tissue, both of which try to 

 extend as widely as possible in this situation, and discusses the degree 

 in which this is influenced by the environment. 



He also describes the development of mechanical tissue in the 

 stem and leaves. So long as the stem is in growth, the peripheral 

 strengthening tissue consists of collenchyma. It is only when the 

 fruit is nearly ripe that the final mechanical-strengthening system is 

 attained. — G. F. S. E. 



Varieties, Renaming of. By Philippe Revoire (Rev. Hort. 

 Aug. 1, 1912 ; pp. 349-50). — A strong protest against the renaming, as 

 if of new varieties, of already well-known ones, particularly in America, 

 where, for instance, a long-established (twenty years) and well-known 

 rose, ' Antoine Revoire/ of French origin, has recently been put forward 

 as a novelty under the name of ' Mrs. William Taft,' while another, 

 1 Leuchtfeuer,' has appeared as ' Mrs. Taft's Rose,' while several other 



