NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



761 



Apple 'Monocacy' (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Year Book 1912, p. 263; 

 col. plate). — A variety which originated about 1849. A late sort 

 which is valuable for all purposes : heavy and regular bearer. — E.A.Bd. 



Apple, Inseet and Fungous Enemies of the Fruit and Foliage 

 of the, The more Important. By A. L. Quaintance and W. M. 

 Scott (U.S. A. Dep. Agr., Farm. Bull. 492 ; April 1912 ; 21 figs.). — 

 This paper furnishes fruit-growers with the necessary information for 

 summer spraying, or spraying trees in foliage, as opposed to treatments 

 during the dormant period of the trees. — V. G. J. 



Apple Orchard Design. By E. G. Edgell (Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. 

 vol. xxiv. pt. vii. pp. 615-625 ; 4 figs.). — The triangular system 

 of laying out an orchard is the best. If the trees are placed 24 feet 

 apart, 87 trees an acre can be planted, compared with 75 in squares. 

 On undulating ground the furrows can be taken in nearly level contours 

 instead of up and down the slopes. — S. E. W. 



Apple Orchards, Fertilization in. By J. P. Stewart (U.S.A. 

 Hort. Soc, Virginia, Rep. 1912, pp. 159-192). — It is held that colour in 

 apples cannot be materially increased by fertilizer applications, and 

 that the red colours of apples are essentially dependent upon maturity 

 and sunlight, any conditions which tend to increase one or both of 

 these factors increasing the colour also. The apparent injury to 

 colour by nitrates is considered to be owing to delayed maturity, and 

 to lessened sunlight as a result of the increased density of foliage. 

 An experiment was made to determine the truth of this by leaving 

 the fruit on some nitrate plots until it had reached approximately 

 the same degree of maturity as that attained by the fruit on the 

 check plots at gathering-time. The delay required was fully three 

 weeks, and by that time the colour on the nitrate plots was actually 

 10 per cent, greater than that on the check plots at their picking-time 

 (p. 174). It is recommended that nitrate should not be applied earlier 

 than petal-fall, nor later than mid- July. 



The paper gives a comprehensive survey of the application of 

 fertilizers to apple orchards and its results. — A. P. 



Apples, 4 Prince Alfred ' and * Scarlet Nonpareil ' (Agr. Gaz. 

 N.S.W. vol. xxiv. pt. viii. p. 692; 1 col. plate). — Coloured 

 pictures of these two apples are given. ' Prince Alfred,' imported from 

 Tasmania, is a mid season apple, with a yellow skin striped red. The 

 flesh is yellowish white, juicy and rich in flavour. — S. E. W. 



Apple 'San Jacinto ' (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Year Book 1911, p. 425 ; 

 col. plate). — A new variety resembling the ' Red June,' but later — 

 July to August. Well adapted to southern latitudes. — E. A. Bd. 



Apple Scab on Young Shoots, Is it a Source of Spring Infection? 



By W. J. Morse and W. H. Darrow (Phytopathology, vol. iii. pp. 265- 

 269). — The authors examine the literature dealing with the question 



