762 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



of the over-wintering of the apple-scab fungus (Venturia pomi = 

 Fusicladium dendriticum) on the shoots of apple. They investigated 

 the matter on the trees in Maine and found the spores from the affected 

 shoots quite capable of germination in April, but did not quite satis- 

 factorily prove that these spores had lived over the winter. — F. J. C. 



Apple ' Shiawassee 9 (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Year Book 1911, p. 426 ; 

 col. plate). — A variety of the ' Fameuse ' group, October to January, 

 as hardy as the type but less subject to scab. Valued as a pollenizer 

 for the ' Mcintosh Red.'— E. A. Bd. 



Apple 'Summer King' {U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Year Book 1912, 

 p. 266 ; col. plate). — An August variety of some 100 years of age, 

 notable for high flavour and good appearance. — E. A. Bd. 



Apple Tree Anthraenose, or Blackspot Canker. By W. H. 



Lawrence (U.S.A. Si. Bd. Hort., Oregon, Rep. 1911-12, pp. 93-97). — 

 There are two spore forms developed in each canker, the conidial 

 maturing the first year and the ascigerous the second, and though it has 

 not been determined which form is the more active agent in distri- 

 bution, it is held that both play their part and are jointly effective 

 in the continuation of the disease on infested trees, and the spread 

 to the bodies and fruits of other apple trees, the fruits of the quince, 

 and the trunk and limbs of the prune, plum, pear, and cherry. The 

 most surprising of recent investigations is the occurrence of the disease 

 on stored fruit from orchards in which anthraenose canker has not 

 occurred, spores apparently lodging on the fruit some days before 

 the apple harvest. As this causes rotting when in store, it is 

 recommended to spray infested trees with a weak Bordeaux mixture 

 (4-4-50) before gathering the fruit, in order to kill the spores 

 adhering, the deposit on the skin being removed by wiping just 

 before packing. A spraying with a stronger Bordeaux mixture 

 (6-4-50) should follow as soon as the fruit is gathered, and yet 

 another two or three weeks later. As the disease develops after 

 storage, the spores infecting fruit previously sound, it is worth 

 while spraying perfectly clear trees if there are infected trees in the 

 neighbourhood. — A. P. 



Apple Trees and Cedar Rust. By H. S. Reed (U.S.A. Hort. 

 Soc, Virginia, Rep. 1912, pp. 218-228). — The financial loss caused 

 by this disease in 191 2 in this State alone is estimated at $500,000, 

 without taking into account the weakened condition of the trees 

 affected, and a laboratory has been established for the study of it, 

 this paper giving the results of two years' investigations into its life- 

 history and the best means of controlling it. The cedar rust is a 

 fungous disease, and the organism requires both the red cedar and 

 the cultivated apple to complete its life-cycle, which is here fully 

 described. Some methods of spray treatment are detailed which 



