780 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Forest Trees in Western Nebraska, Growing. Shrubs and 

 Ornamentals. By W. P. Snyder {Nebraska Agr. Exp. Sin., Bull. 

 137, May 26, 1913). — By trying to grow forest trees without pre- 

 paration of the soil much loss has resulted to the farmers of Western 

 Nebraska. From a purely commercial point of view the result has been 

 a failure which is evidenced by the want of both forests and timber 

 in that district. Now, however, by a proper system of cultivation 

 and irrigation excellent results have been attained. Part 2 is very 

 interesting and instructive, dealing as it does with the shrubs and 

 flowers that succeed in Nebraska. — A. D. W. 



Forestry, Quart. Jour, of (No. 4, Vol. 7, October 1913).— 

 " Forest Soils and Surface Conditions" is a valuable paper as treated 

 here, and certainly has a distinct and important bearing on the cultiva- 

 tion of timber-producing trees. Some interesting information on 

 the behaviour of the oak in Dean Forest is contained in a paper under 

 the heading of " Yield Table for Oak in Dean Forest." The writer 

 says truly that those who wish to compile yield tables are debarred 

 from doing so by the difficulty in obtaining figures regarding thinnings. 

 On most large estates the practice of keeping an account of such 

 should be extended. It is interesting to know, although by no means 

 new, that the Corsican Pine is attacked by the Larch Canker. 

 Excessive grass around the trees renders them more liable to the 

 disease. — A. D. W. 



Fruit Fly, The Mediterranean. By A. L. Quaintance (U.S.A. Dep. 

 Agr., Bur. Entom., Circ. 160 ; Oct. 1912 ; 1 fig.). — The recent estab- 

 lishment in Hawaii of this destructive pest, and the quarantine re- 

 strictions against Hawaiian fruit imposed by the State of California, 

 have aroused considerable interest, and there have been frequent 

 requests for information concerning it. This circular is compiled from 

 the writings of entomologists in countries where the insect exists. 



The species belongs to the family Trypetidae of the order Diptera, 

 for which no very successful means of control have yet been found. 

 Despite many experiments, little has been discovered that is of value 

 in lessening the injury done by it except the collection and destruction 

 of all fallen infested fruit, and the more recent use in South Africa of 

 a poisoned bait sprayed over the trees for the destruction of the adult 

 flies. 



The bait consists of a solution of 5 gallons of treacle, 1 lb. arseniate 

 of lead, and 25 gallons of water, or 3 lb. sugar, 4 oz. arseniate of lead, 

 5 gallons of water. — V. G. J. 



Fruits, Notes on Breeding. By Chas. G. Patten (U.S.A. 



Hort. Soc, Minnesota, Trans. 1912 ; pp. 8-1 1). — Varieties of Apples 

 have been raised which shed their leaves by the middle of October, 

 instead of a month later, as is usual with those from temperate climates, 

 with the result that the wood is sufficiently ripened to stand the 

 severity of the winter. — A. P. 



