NOTES AND ABSTRACTS, 



147 



Fruit Nomenclature (Jour* Agr, Vict. Aug. 191 7; pp. 482-493). — The 

 following rules are considered urgent in the naming of fruit by the Pomological 

 Committee of Australia. (1) The name shall be as simple as possible. (2) 

 Wherever possible one word only should be used as a name, (3) Duplication of 

 names, and the use of names possessing strong similarity, are to be avoided. 

 (4) Such words as " seedling " and " hybrid " shall be abolished from Australian 

 pomology as far as possible, (5) Priority of name shall have preference 

 wherever possible. — C. H, H a 



Fruit Trees, Insects injurious to. By H. W. Davey (Jour, Agr, Vict, Feb, 

 1918, pp. 101-107). — The insects are grouped as follows : — 



1. Chewing insects that feed on exposed leaf surfaces. Examples. — Pear 

 and cherry slug, pumpkin beetle, and most caterpillars. Treatment, — Spray 

 with arsenate of lead. 



2. Chewing insects that are exposed for only a short time. Examples. — 

 Codling moth, light brown Apple Moth, Treatment, — Arsenical sprays, Picking 

 affected fruits and bandaging. 



3. Chewing insects living in tunnels eaten out by them in stems or branches. 

 Example. — Cherry and Peach Borer caterpillar. Treatment. — Spraying is of very 

 little or no value, Inject carbon bisulphide into tunnel and plug up entrance 

 with soft clay. 



4. Chewing insects that move freely about and often feed at night. Example, 

 — Weevils. Treatments. — Oil sprays when trees are dormant, and tobacco. 



5. Suctorial insects, more or less permanently fixed to their host plant. 

 Example. — Scale insects s Treatment. — Oil sprays or fumigation with hydro- 

 cyanic acid gas. 



6. Suctorial insects that move about on branches. Examples. — Aphides, 

 Red Spider. ' Treatment. — Oil sprays when trees are dormant, and tobacco sprays 

 when trees are active. 



7. Suctorial insects that are free-moving and active fliers. Examples. — 

 Rutherghn and other plant-feeding bugs. Treatment. — Phenyl sprays. 



8. Fly maggots infesting fruit. Examples. — Fruit flies. Treatment. — 

 Destroy infested fruit by boiling, keep soil beneath trees well stirred. Spraying 

 is of no value. 



This classification is followed by life-histories of the various insects with treat- 

 ment also of fungus diseases. — C, H, H, 



Fruit Trees, Planting of. Anon. (Jour. Bd. Agr. xxv. No. 8, Nov. 

 1918). — A list of varieties of fruit trees winch have proved themselves generally 

 to be most suitable for allotments and small gardens. The season and sug- 

 gested times for marketing are given. The fruits mentioned are apples (22 

 varieties), pears (10), plums (5), damsons (5), raspberries (2), black currants (3), 

 red currants (1), gooseberries (8), strawberries (3), and loganberry. — G. C. G. 



Grapes, Winter Injury of. By F. E. Gladwin (U.S.A. Exp. Stn., Geneva, 

 N.Y., Bull. 438; 8 plates). — Poor drainage predisposes out-door vines to injury 

 by frost, as it tends to induce immaturity of the grape tissue. Excess of water 

 in the tissue and immaturity during late summer and autumn are co-related. 

 Immaturity is favoured by excessive or late application of nitrogenous manure. 

 Severe pruning after injury by frost in spring induces rank growth and con- 

 sequently tends to the destruction of buds. Certain species of grapes resist 

 low temperatures better than others. — S, E, W. 



Grapevine Aphis, Life History of Macrosiphum illinoisensis. By A. C. Baker 

 (Jour. Agr. Res. xi. pp. 83-89, Oct. 19 17 ; figs.). — The grape aphis lays its 

 eggs on Viburnum prunijolium. They hatch in early April and adults migrate 

 to vines in early May, returning to the Viburnum in October, Descriptions 

 and figures of the different stages are given. — F, J, C, 



Greviliea oleoides Sieb. By J. Hutchinson (Bot, Mag. t. 8741 ; December 

 1917). — Native of New South Wales. A shrub for the conservatory, nearly 

 allied to G. punicea. Flowers bright carmine, thinly silky outside. — L, C. E, 



Home Grown Seeds. By A. F. Pearson (Irish Gard. xiii. p. 134, Sept. 1918). 

 — Deals very briefly with the ways in which the amateur gardener can save his 

 own seeds. — E. X, E, 



House-Fly (Musca domestica L.), The Effect of certain Chemicals upcn Ovi- 

 position in the. By S. E. Crumb and S. C. Lyon (Jour. Econ. Entom. vol. x. 

 Dec. 19 1 7, pp. 532-536). — The writers conducted a series of experiments with 

 house flies, to learn what substances in horse manure were capable of inciting 

 them to oviposit, Their conclusions do not agree with Richardson (Bull. 292 



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