264 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



cross-pollinated, which in some cases may be more advantageous 

 than in others ; but I do say that stocks raised from pips will always be 

 variable, and therefore incompletely satisfactory, except for the purpose 

 of raising new types of stock for subsequent vegetative propagation, 

 if we find degeneration or imperfection in existing types. 



Possible Present Action. — What, then, is the immediate solution 

 both as regards Paradise and free stock ? 



First, with regard to Paradise. We are faced with an endless 

 number of types from which to choose. If by Paradise we mean anv 

 stock raised from layers, we have isolated at least sixteen types at 

 Mailing, and could add daily to the series from every bed of seedling 

 stocks. But I want it to be clearly understood that our object at 

 East Mailing is not to multiply the already over large and bewildering 

 number — there are nine types already in frequent use in this country — 

 but to select out three, or at most four, good types of stock capable of 

 being raised vegetatively and of serving every purpose, from that of the 

 garden cordon to that of the orchard standard grown in grass. Until 

 the final trials of worked trees upon different soils, to which I have 

 already made reference, have yielded up their results, I am not prepared 

 to say more than what has already been said in other reports upon this 

 special question of soil suitability; but now that we have had under 

 review two considerable batches of young trees worked on the whole 

 series of sixteen types, I am prepared to say something a little more 

 definite upon certain other points. 



In my leaflet on Propagation I have dealt with the advantages of 

 each type individually for raising and working purposes, and I would 

 only add here one further year's experience as to the pre-eminence 

 of certain varieties in coming easily from hard wood and root cuttings, 

 both of which matters are of considerable importance in these times 

 of stock dearth. The present season has probably made most of us 

 somewhat ashamed of our cutting beds ; but my highest percentage 

 of successes has been with the Broad-Leaved English Paradise, the 

 Nonsuch Paradise, the dwarf Type IV and the strong Type XIII. 



By root cuttings Types I, VI, IV, V, X, XIII, and XVI have 

 come very successfully. 



With regard to desirability for working purposes, one interesting 

 fact was discovered during the grafting season of 1918, namely, that 

 the " callus " is much quicker to form on certain types than on others 

 — hence they get an earlier start into growth. It will be remembered 

 that the grafting season was followed by a very hot May, which 

 unfortunately started to melt the grafting wax which we had used 

 uniformly. In certain cases the callus was still incomplete, and the 

 melted wax found its way between the stock and scion with disastrous 

 results. Trees worked on the Doucin or English Paradise (Type II) 

 on Type IV (commonly used in Holland) and on Jaune de Metz 

 Paradise (Type IX) suffered badly. The other types had fortunately 

 all already united and did not suffer. We can also state quite definitely 

 that upon our soil at any rate all the types will take the bud as well 



