EXAMINATIONS IN HORTICULTURE. 



158 



being either ignored or passed by as of quite secondary consideration. 

 It may be well to emphasize the facts that respiration is a process having 

 precisely the same meaning and importance in plants as in animals, and 

 that it takes place in all living parts of plants during the whole period of 

 their activity, whether they are exposed to light or not. The methods 

 suggested to demonstrate respiration usually demonstrated something 

 entirely different, and often, from the mode of arrangement of the appa- 

 ratus, would have failed to demonstrate anything in connection with the 

 plant at all. In describing the course of the water from the soil through 

 the plant many old and long-abandoned ideas, such as the presence of 

 " niters " on the roots and the course of the water along the " cambium 

 layer," were revived ; while " capillarity " was made to bear the brunt of 

 the work in moving water from place to place in the plant. Simple 

 experiments and observations such as should be within the reach of all 

 of the candidates in this examination would conclusively prove the 

 inaccuracy or insufficiency of such statements as these. The question 

 dealing with the source of nitrogen for plant use was well answered by 

 the majority, as was the one concerning the cabbage-white butterfly, 

 although in both many candidates were content with incomplete answers 

 lacking in essential details. The place of pupation of the cabbage-white 

 butterfly was inaccurately stated by many. 



F. J. Chittenden, F.L.S, 



CLASS LIST. 



First Class. 



1. Jones, T. 0., Arvon House, Elmswell, Bury St. Edmunds. 



2. Brown, J. W. H., Harman's Farm, Marston, Oxford. 

 ^ Ashley, E. W., Ivy House, Quainton, Aylesbury. 



' IfEeald, J., Longton C.E. School, near Preston, Lanes, 

 g jAshton, E., Yorktown Council School, Camberley. 

 ' (Grimble, S. W., 23 Caernarvon Road, Norwich. 

 (Burton, W., Lancashire County School of Gardening, Ormskirk. 

 7-jEayrs, E. M., School House, Girton, Cambridge. 

 (Wheeler, F. G., 12 Kemble Road, Forest Hill, S.E. 



10. Pilgrim, M., Seven Hills School, Nacton, near Ipswich. 



11. Ainsworth, J., Whixall Council School, Whitchurch, Salop. 

 (Parker, T. J., Strand, Quainton, Aylesbury. 

 (Taylor, A. T., 18 Faulkland Road, Durley Park, Bath. 



14. Hooper, H. B., Nacton School, Ipswich. 



15. Davies, E. P., Crudgington Schools, Wellington, Salop. 

 (Sowerbutts, R., 160 Keighley Road, Colne, Lanes. 



'{ Wilford, W. C, Lancashire County School of Gardening, Ormskirk. 

 Buckingham, H. J., School House, Frimley. 

 Edgington, W., Town Street School, Brandon, Suffolk. 

 .Lock, W., School House, Eardisley, Hereford. 

 21. Barradell, H., Brome School House, Eye, Suffolk. 

 22 (Ball, C, School House, Merstham, Redhill. 



' 1 Perry, G. M., Lancashire County School of Gardening, Ormskirk. 



12 



18. 



