310 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



we have ; they got a lot more in ; they did a lot more. Probably 

 they neglected some things. They must have done, otherwise they 

 could not have had their conditions as good as ours, and that is 

 expressed by this idea : A man taking a farm to-day says, " I wonder 

 how long it will be before I can retire, having made a fortune out of the 

 thing, and leave it," as you know he would. With the man fifty years 

 ago when he took a farm his consideration was, " Can I live and bring up 

 my family respectably on this farm?" That makes all the difference. 

 The man who wanted to live and continue on his farm put in a lot more 

 work of the proper kind than the man who takes it just as a means to, an 

 end, and that end to leave it as soon as possible ; and I am afraid that is 



Fig. 64. — Pear Scab : the fungus on leaf and fruit. 



so with many of us in the present day. The primary object, though not, 

 of course, with all, is to accumulate money. 



If you go round the orchards generally in the country you will 

 find a neglect of pruning. A branch here and another there are lopped 

 off and some are thinned out. Now for a while consider the case of 

 apple and pear scab. When the scab appears on the fruit (fig. 64) it 

 begins to appeal to the pocket. The grower never noticed it before, 

 although every penny pamphlet and every newspaper has told him 

 hundreds of times over that it generally begins on dead shoots ; on 

 those dead tips that may be seen bristling out on every side of the tree 

 — that is where it begins — then it passes on to the foliage ; then the 

 fruit appears, and it passes on to the fruit ; so practically if there had 

 been no spores to infect the leaves there would be none to infect the 



