NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



571 



the trail of the maggot more easily seen. The larvae mature when the 

 fruit ripens, leaving it and pupating either on the ground under the 

 decayed fruit or burrowing into the earth to the depth of about an inch. 

 When the fruit has been packed in barrels the pupae are often found 

 at the bottom of the receptacle, and are therefore liable to be distributed 

 over the world wherever the fruit is taken. The fruit when picked often 

 shows no sign of injury. The pest is difficult to deal with, and arsenical 

 washes have proved of no avail. All fallen fruit should be collected and 

 destroyed, and frequent tillage should be resorted to. The insect, 

 fortunately, spreads but slowly from tree to tree. It is generally 

 distributed through the New England States and attacks Crataegus as 

 well as apple. — F. J. C. 



Apple Worm, The Lesser. By A. L. Quaintance (U.S.A. Dep. 

 Agr., Bur. Entom., Bull. 68, Part V.; October 1907; figs.).- -The larva 

 of this insect, Enarmonia prunivora, injures apples by boring holes into 

 them in much the same way as the codlin moth. A full description is 

 given, and in many ways the life-history is very similar to that of the 

 codlin moth. Thorough spraying with arsenical sprays is recommended. 

 The moth is not yet known in Britain. — F. J. C. 



Apple, Trumpet-leaf Miner. By A. L. Quaintance ( U.S.A. Dep. 

 Agr., Bur. of Entom., Bull. 68, Part III. ; 2 figs.). — This insect (Tischeria 

 malifoliella), one of the Tineidae, is occasionally abundant in parts of 

 the States. The larvae mine exclusively on the upper surface of the 

 leaves of the food-plants, which include, in addition to the apple and 

 other species of Pyrus, species of Bubus and Crataegus, though possibly 

 the form on Bubus is distinct. The tunnels are of a trumpet or mussel- 

 shell form, about ^ inch in length and \ inch in breadth. The seasonal 

 history is given : the larvae hibernate in the fallen leaves, and pupate in the 

 spring, the moths emerging about the end of April ; other broods are 

 produced during the year. The larva is attacked by numerous parasites. 

 Spraying the leaves with a 10 per cent, to 15 per cent, kerosene emulsion 

 is recommended if the attack should assume serious proportions. This 

 was found to kill the larvae, and when done on clear, bright days not to 

 injure the leaf. — F. J. C. 



Azaleas, New. By A. G. Van Eeckhante and G. T. Grignan (Bev> 

 Hort. September 16, 1908, pp. 424-5 ; coloured plate). — The plate repre- 

 sents two very charming varieties, Azalea Vervaeneana, a large double 

 flowered pure white form, and A. Todogava also double, magneta slightly 

 splashed in centre of petals with crimson ; the latter very hardy. — C. T. D> 



Bacopa amplexicaulis. By E. Wocke (Die Gartemo. lx. p. 709 ; 

 Nov. 21, 1908).— A rather rare aquatic introduced from Florida, adapted 

 for in and outdoor cultivation, either as an aquatic or as a bog plant. A 

 very interesting and pretty species, with small amplexicaul, ovate leaves 

 and small white flowers. — G. B. 



Begonias, Double multiflora strain. By P. L. de Vilmorin (Bev. 

 Hort. July 16, 1908, p. 328 ; coloured plate). — The plate represents three 

 very fine forms, viz. 1 Souvenir de Louis Urbain,' rich scarlet ; ' Shah de 



