NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



599 



of hard woods and soft woods, and the quantity of the products obtained. 

 Different woods give different marketable products, birch, beech, and 

 maple yielding acetate of lime, wood, alcohol, and charcoal, while the long- 

 leaf pine gives turpentine, tar, pine-oils, and charcoal. The various 

 methods of procuring these by-products are clearly described, while the 

 tables of results as to the various quantities procurable are interesting. 

 The financial returns from by-products of the forest are considerable. 



A. D. W. 



Wood-lot Owners in the Ohio Valley Region, Suggestions to. 



By S. I. Record (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Forest Service, Giro. 138). — An excellent 

 pamphlet on the protection of woods, value of different species, and the 

 improvement of typical wood-lots. Its chief use, however, will be in 

 assisting the farmers and others in the Ohio Valley in the proper 

 management of their timber lands, conclusions which have been arrived at 

 by the Forest Service after numerous careful examinations of the wood- 

 lots and forest tracts being embodied in the publication. The notes under 

 the heading of the Model Wood-lot might be read with much advantage 

 by many cultivators of trees in this country, the information regarding 

 how thickly the trees should stand on the ground, and how thinning 

 should be engaged in, being written by one who knew well what he was 

 speaking about. — A. D. W. 



Wood Preservation, A primer of. By W. F. Sherfesee (U.S.A. Dep. 

 Agr., Forest Service, Circ. 139). — With greatly increased prices of timber 

 forest conservancy becomes imperative, and there are two ways in which 

 the situation may be met — one to prolong the life of the forest by wise 

 use, and the other to prolong the life of timber by the use of preservatives. 



This pamphlet treats of the latter, and is a valuable compilation of the 

 various methods by which the end in view may best be accomplished. 



The remarks under " What Wood Preservation can Do in the Future " 

 are certainly well worthy of study. — A. D. W. 



Woolly Aphis and Corrosive Sublimate (Le Kermes coquille). 

 By L. Chasset (La Pomologie Francaise, March 1908). — Painting with 

 bichloride of mercury used at 2 per cent, seems to be the best means of 

 getting rid of this insect. — C. H. H. 



Yew-galls. By Miss Jenny Reynvaan and Dr. W. Docter's van 

 Leeuwen (Beih. Bot. Centralbl. xxiii. 2te Abth. Heft 1, pp. 1-14 ; 

 2 plates). — This paper describes the bud-galls of the yew, which are 

 caused by a mite (Eriophyes psilaspis). These mites live in the galls 

 during winter, when the galls are 2 to 3 mm. in diameter. They lay their 

 eggs in March, and increase greatly in numbers during the spring. The 

 galls also enlarge and become 6-9 mm. long. The mites begin to leave 

 their parent gall about the middle of May, and continue to do so for a 

 long time. They wander over the twigs and infect the young buds about 

 the middle of June. Several mites seem necessary to produce a gall. 

 Even in July eggs may be found in the young galls, and by November 

 there may be hundreds of mites in each of them. Both male and female 

 trees are attacked. 



