152 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



desire to uphold the honour and glory of Old England, and if called upon 

 New Zealand, I am sure, will again offer thousands of her sons in helping 

 to defend the Empire.* 



I shall here give the wages ruling in the different spheres of work in 

 connection with agriculture and horticulture. 



Avi.i;\(iK Rates of Wages in each Provincial District of New Zealand 

 during the Year 1901. 



Description of Labour. 



Auck- 

 land. 



Tara- 

 naki. 



Hawke's 

 Bay. 



Welling- 

 ton. 



Marl- 

 borough 



Nel- 

 son. 



West- 

 land 

 (Gold- 

 field). 



Canter- 

 bury. 



Otago 

 (Part 

 Gold- 

 field). 



Farm-labourers : 





















With board, per week . 



20/ 



15/ to 25/ 



20/ to 22/6 



20/ to 30/ 



20/ to 25/ 



20/ 



20/ to 30/ 



15/ to 20/ 



15/ to 25/ 



Without board, per day . 



6/8 





6/ to 7/ 



7/ 





6/ 





5/ 



5/ to 6/ 



Ploughmen : 

















With board, per week . 



20/ 



15/ to 25/ 



20/ to 25/ 20/ to 30 



20/ to 30/ 



20/ 





20/ to 25/ 



20/ to 25/ 



Without board, per day . 



6/8 



8/ to 9/ 





- 





6/ 





6/ 



6/ 



Harvesters : 













With board, per week . 



25/ to 30/ 







45/ to 50/ 





4(1 





35/ to 50/ 



25/ to 40/ 



Without board, per day . 



8/4 



1/ per 



1/ per hour 



8/ 



7/ to 8/ 



10/ 





8/ to 10/ 



7/ to 8/ 







hour 

















Men-cooks on farms : 





















With board, per week . 



20/ to 25/ 



* 25/ 



20/ to 25/ 



20/ to 30/ 



20/ 



20/ 





20/ to 25/ 



20/ to 30/ 



Female farm-servants : 















With board, per week 



8/ to 15/ 



8/ to 15/ 



12/6 to 15/ 



10/ to 15/ 



8/ to 10/ 



10/ 





9/ to 11/ 



12/6 to 20/ 



Gardeners' wages : 











With board, per week . 



15/ to 20/ 



20/to27/6 



20/ to 25/ 



20/ to 50/ 



25/ 



25/ 



20/ 



22/6to25/ 



20/ to 30; 



Without board, per day . 



5/ to 7/ 



7/ to 8/ 



8/ 



7/ 





7/ 



- 



5/ 



5/ to 8/ 



I shall also add a few particulars regarding the various systems under 

 which land may be taken up, extracted from the " New Zealand Official 

 Guide." 



The Crown lands of New Zealand are administered under the Land 

 Act, 1892, together with its amendments and the regulations made there- 

 under. 



The distinguishing features of the present land system are the out- 

 come of ideas which have been gradually coming to maturity for some 

 years past in this colony. These features involve the principle of State 

 ownership of the soil, with perpetual tenancy to the occupier. This, 

 whatever may be the difference in detail, is the prevailing characteristic 

 of the several systems under which land may now be selected. In New 

 Zealand this tendency to State ownership has taken a more pronounced 

 form than in any of the Australian States. In point of fact, most of the 

 Crown lands are now disposed of for 999 years. The rentals are based 

 on the assessed value of the land at the time of disposal, without 

 increase or recurring valuations. Under this system there is a fixity of 

 tenure practically equal to freehold, and which, like freehold, necessarily 

 carries with it the power of sale, sub-lease, mortgage, or disposition by 

 will. At the same time the improvements made in the soil by cultivation 



* I ini^lit mention here that during my sojourn in England I have heard remarks 

 that tin- New Zealand Government do not encourage emigration to the colony, 

 bat I may suy that the only discouragement given is to the landing of paupers, 

 aliens, and imbeciles. The Government have taken up the position that the colony 

 DOi to be made the dunging-ground of the pauper element from other countries; 

 but tO those who are willing to work, even if their only capital consists of a strong 

 right arm, New Zealand offers a hearty welcome, and every information and encourage- 

 ment is given by the Government oilicers in Wellington, enabling employment to be 

 found and land suitable for settlement to be had. 



