NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



283 



Wonder ' and 'Royal Late Cooking,' which he says will when better known 

 be largely grown. — E. T. C. 



Apple Rot following Scab. By H. J. Eustace (U.S.A. Exp. Sin. 

 New York, Bull. 227 ; 12/ 1902; 9 plates).— The fungus Cephalothecium 

 roseum Corda ( = Trichothecium roseum, Link), until now usually 

 regarded as a saprophyte, became in 1902 a wound parasite on Apples, 

 causing considerable loss by rotting after the harvesting of the crop. 

 The fungus found an entrance into the fruit through the areas attacked 

 by scab (Fusicladium dendriticum) , which ruptures the epidermis and thus 

 furnishes a means of entrance for the Cephalothecium, which could not 

 otherwise attack the fruit, as it is incapable of penetrating the unbroken 

 skin. A characteristic feature of this rot as compared with others (see 

 Journ. R.H.S. xxvii. 227) is the shallowness of the attack, the decayed 

 spots seldom extending into the fruit very deeply. Some varieties of 

 Apple were much more severely attacked than others, notably, ' Ehode 

 Island Greening ' in the early autumn, while 4 Baldwin ' and 'Northern Spy ' 

 escaped until December, although badly attacked by scab. An account 

 of inoculation experiments is given, and the fungus was found to be able 

 to grow parasitically on Apple, Pear, Quince, and Grape. Thorough 

 spraying for the prevention of scab is recommended. Dipping artificially 

 infected Apples in copper sulphate solution and in formalin was found to 

 prevent the growth of the fungus. The rot caused by the Cephalothecium 

 can be held in check by cold storage below 45° Fahr. — F. J. C. 



Apple Stocks. By Rev. E. Bartrum, D.D. (Gard, Mag. n. 2584, 

 p. 309 ; 9/5/03). — An exhaustive account of the suitable stocks for 

 Apples. It is an important subject, and is dealt with in a thorough way by 

 an acknowledged student in pomology. The articles are continued in the 

 two following numbers, and are well worth the attention of all engaged or 

 interested in hardy fruit culture. — W. G. 



Apple-tree Anthracnose. By A. B. Cordley (U.S.A. St. Bd. 

 Montana, Bep. 1902). — This disease has seriously affected orchards in 

 various parts of the States and in British Columbia. The disease is 

 usually known as canker, dead spot, or black spot, but differs from the 

 diseases usually known as canker. It is due to a fungus apparently 

 hitherto undescribed, and for which the name Glceosporium malicorticis, 

 Cordley, is proposed. Branches under two or three inches in diameter 

 are usually attacked, and the disease appears first in the autumn as 

 small, irregular, sometimes slightly depressed brown areas on the bark. 

 It spreads slowly during winter, and in the spring, under favourable 

 conditions, may invade an area several inches in diameter. Spores first 

 make their appearance in June, at which time the diseased areas are 

 dark brown in colour, markedly depressed, and in most instances limited 

 by ragged, irregular fissures which separate the dead from the surrounding 

 living tissues. Sometimes a diseased area extends quite round the stem, 

 causing the death of the whole of the distal portion. In the course of a 

 few months the dead bark sloughs off, leaving an unhealed wound. The 

 spores obtained in June failed to germinate, and it was not until October 

 that spores capable of germination were found. The mycelium of the 



