240 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Carnations in the Open Garden. By W. A. Watts (Garden, No. 

 163G, p. 212, 28/3/03; 1637, p. 223,4/4/03; 1638, p. 252, 11/4/03). 

 No one should plant border Carnations in the spring if he can 

 possibly plant them in the autumn, except of course to fill up any gaps 

 in the beds which may be occasioned by the ravages of such pests as the 

 Carnation maggot, wireworms, slugs, hares, rabbits, and other enemies 

 with which Carnations have to contend. For this purpose it is as well, 

 when planting in the autumn, to have a few plants of each variety kept 

 in reserve to meet contingencies. These can be put in any spare corner 

 of the garden and carefully labelled. 



The best site for Carnations is an open, airy place which gets plenty 

 of sun, but at the same time it should not be t30 much exposed to strong- 

 winds. A good loamy soil suits the plants best, preferably one rather 

 inclined to be heavy than light. Do not choose too hot a position, where 

 the plants will get scorched up in summer, nor yet a damp, low-lying 

 one.— B. T. C. 



Carya olivaeformis, Chalazogamy in. By F. H. Billings (Bot. 

 Gaz. xxxv. No. 2, p. 134, and fig.). — Referring to the discovery of Nawas- 

 chin (Bot. Centralbi. 63 ; 353, 1895) that the pollen-tube in Juglans regia 

 does not enter the micropyle, but passes down the ovary wall and enters 

 the ovule through the chalaza, he shows that the same occurs with the 

 Pecan fruit. The figure shows the pollen-tube descending the style, 

 passing the orthotropous ovule, till it enters the placenta at the base. It 

 then turns up abruptly through the nucellus into the embryo-sac. — G. H. 



Caryopteris Mastaeanthus. By Louis Tillier (Rev. Hort. Jan. 1, 

 1903, pp. 15-17; one woodcut). — Highly recommended as a hardy, 

 compact shrub, rising to five feet, flowering profusely in the late autumn. 

 Flowers violet. Easily raised from seed ; sows itself in the open. There 

 is a .white variety, but the flowers are less abundant, less lasting, and the 

 white is not pure. — C. T. D. 



Catalpa, The Hardy. By William L. Hall and Hermann von 

 Schrenk (U.S.A. Dep. Agr. Bur. Forestry, Bull. n. 37, 1902).— From 

 a purely commercial point of view the hardy Catalpa must be considered 

 as one of the most valuable trees that have been introduced to Southern 

 Iowa, Nebraska, and Eastern Kansas. It is easily propagated, grows 

 rapidly, and produces an excellent lasting timber that can compare favour- 

 ably with any other, Nvhether for the purpose of fencing, railway work, 

 01 the erection of telegraph and telephone lines. This bulletin is divided 

 into two main parts : (1) The hardy Catalpa in commercial plantations, and 

 (2) The diseases of the hardy Catalpa. In the first Mr. Hall deals very 

 olearlj and lucidly with the cultivation of the tree, including the best 

 methods of treatment, soil and growth conditions, and the relative amount 

 Of beartwo d, sapwood, and bark. Taken together, the whole points out 

 'I';'' in the lmi.lv Catalpa we have one of the most useful trees for ex- 

 tensive planting. 



The diseases of the tree are not passed by, and the many excellent 

 Mnatrationfl of these 0 mvey a, very clear idea of what is equally plainly 

 convoyed in the text, —A. D. IT. 



